The anisochromia it is an erythrocytic abnormality that is defined as the lack of consistency and homogeneity in the color that appears between some red blood cells and others. It is an important indicator in hematology for the detection of diseases and control of people's health.
Red blood cells, also called red blood cells or erythrocytes, are a cellular component of the blood with a circular shape that is responsible for transporting oxygen to the different tissues that make up the body. They are made up mainly of lipids, proteins, and a molecule called hemoglobin..
To understand anisochromia, it is essential to talk about hemoglobin, which is a hemoprotein with an iron particle (Fe + 2) present in the erythrocytes of vertebrates.
Due to the valence of the iron molecule present in hemoglobin, an unstable bond is formed with oxygen (O2), which allows the particle to have enough "strength" to capture it, but weak enough to deliver it..
Hemoglobin is also responsible for giving red blood cells their characteristic red color. When this hemoprotein is oxygenated, the color of the erythrocytes is intense red, while when it loses the oxygen molecule, it appears in a dark red.
When speaking of anisochromia, one must not only think about the color that occurs in erythrocytes, as this term is closely related to the thickness of the erythrocytes present in a sample. This is due to the change in the red density of the red blood cells..
Normal erythrocytes have a diameter of between 7 and 8 with slight variations, and their staining is dark pink in the periphery area and pale pink in the center. Its shape is circular and sometimes with slight irregularities.
It is important to have these reference conditions so as not to confuse one disease or condition with another..
That is why there are books and research for the classification of erythrocytes according to their shape, color and the diseases with which they may be related..
Iron is a fundamental element in the synthesis of hemoglobin as a substrate for a combination of protoporphyrin to form the heme group..
Therefore, a low iron concentration results in low hemoglobin production. This results in a considerably lower oxygen retention rate for the red blood cells, thus a lower overall oxygenation for the whole organism..
This is why hypochromia (low color intensity) is directly related to the amount of iron present in the blood. When there are low levels of oxygen in the erythrocytes, their color changes considerably compared to normal ones..
Anisochromia usually occurs in cases of anemia, the beginning of treatment for deficiency anemia, in patients with hypochromic anemia who have been transfused or with people who have suddenly lost a lot of blood.
It should be noted that iron deficiency anemia is the largest nutritional problem worldwide and its impacts range from reduced work capacity in adults to decreased motor and mental development in children and adolescents.
Various organizations, such as The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSKT) and The U.S. Food and nutrition board recommend having diets rich in iron, including taking nutritional supplements mainly for the population at risk of anemia (infants, women with menstruation and pregnant women).
These organizations have also published the recommended daily dose for the population at risk.
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