The History of the problem in a research work they are a conceptual synthesis of the research or work previously carried out on the formulated problem.
They have to do with the work done previously in relation to the object of study. The background reveals the approaches that other authors have had towards the object of study.
Background information saves the investigator considerable time by ensuring that he or she will invest their efforts in approaching the problem from an original perspective and using proven methods..
For the reader of the paper, it is a necessary context to understand what kind of research you are dealing with and what you can expect from its review. Likewise, the antecedents describe the reasons why the object to be investigated deserves attention..
It is in the antecedents where the methodology to be used and the reasons for its choice are anticipated. It is advisable that the antecedents be written in chronological order, so that the evolution of the investigation is clearly exposed.
History of the problem includes:
With all this, the author is expected to relate his research to the works selected to appear in the background..
The amount of background that a research work must contain only depends on the requirement of the entity that is sponsoring, promoting or requiring the study.
Usually there are five antecedents to include. To obtain these data, research, graduate work, press reports, monographs, essays, videos and reports are generally used..
There is no consensus on how to classify the background of an investigation. However, here are three possible ways to do this:
They state the name of the work and its author, followed by a summary of the relevant information together with the conclusions.
In this case, it delves into the methodology used to collect and analyze the data, as well as a confrontation between its objectives and conclusions..
- Nationals
- International
- Regional
- General
- Specific
The answer to this question is found in the very nature of the problem studied. Ideally, the consulted sources, living or bibliographical, are closely linked to the problem to be studied..
Likewise, it is convenient to list the most authoritative sources to speak in relation to that particular object of study..
Libraries and / or digital repositories of universities or research institutes, scientific journals and official documents (from governments or multilateral institutions), should appear on that list..
Similarly, it is convenient to delimit the geographical and temporal scope of the search. Knowing if national or foreign sources will be consulted and knowing the range of dates to be located, a faster and more organized work will be done.
Of course, this implies a deep knowledge of the object of study, since it is what will indicate which geographical area and which date would be relevant for the investigation..
This depends on the need and interest of the researcher. Here is a suggested presentation structure that may be useful:
They are the lines with which the antecedents begin. In these, the importance and originality of the own investigation are exposed, advancing the scope of the background check that justifies it..
In this section all possible information about the different previous research works is emptied.
After showing what has been done so far, it is time to confront it directly with the purpose of the investigation that is being carried out..
In this way, it will be clear what is the real contribution of each investigation (the previous and the new), to the selected field of study.
Some of the most common mistakes when locating the background of an investigation are:
- Search for research with a name similar to the study itself.
- Limit reading to the research summary.
- Discard investigations of the same object but from the perspective of other scientific disciplines.
- Dismissing papers just because their authors are below or above the academic level of the person who is investigating.
As indicated in previous lines, the importance of reviewing the background of an investigation is that it ensures a novel approach to the problem in question..
They also allow generating a critical analysis of previous research to specify its relevance and point out its fundamental differences with the work that is being proposed..
It also offers a solid argumentative basis for the work that is being started..
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