The female reproductive system is the organ system of the human body that is related to the sexual reproductive processes of women. It is made up of different organs such as the vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. Although this system has many other functions, it has a transcendental participation in the sexual reproduction of human beings.
Sexual reproduction is the process by which two individuals - a man and a woman - can give rise to more men and women by interacting in a physical process known as copulation, which seeks to bring the reproductive or sexual cells of man (sperm) closer to each other. the woman's sex cells (ovules).
Sexual reproduction is not necessary to keep either of the two individuals alive separately, but it is very important for the maintenance or preservation of the species and this is valid for any species of living being that reproduces sexually..
Although the participation of the male reproductive system is essential for a man and a woman to have a child through sexual reproduction, it is the female reproductive system that is the place where the baby is initially formed and developed and from which delivery occurs..
The reproductive system fulfills a large number of functions in the body of women, both during childhood and in adulthood and old age.
One of the primary functions of this organ system is the production of the cells necessary for sexual reproduction, that is, for the formation of a new human being, which are known as ovules or oocytes..
The ovules are the female gametes (their male counterparts are known as sperm). In the ovules, practically all the food that nourishes the embryo that is produced when fertilization takes place, that is, the fusion between an egg and a sperm, is concentrated and, in addition, half of the genetic information of the woman is stored. produces.
The female reproductive system not only produces eggs, but also specifically locates them where they are accessible to sperm that a man introduces into a woman's body during intercourse or copulation..
Likewise, this organ system is responsible for the implantation of fertilized eggs and the protection, nutrition, oxygenation and care of the baby that is formed throughout gestation (pregnancy), which in humans corresponds to a period of 9 months.
The ovaries, internal organs of the female reproductive system, produce hormones such as estrogens and progesterones, which actively participate in different aspects of the control of sexual development, menstruation and pregnancy..
The female reproductive system is made up of two parts: one internal and one external.
The external structures of this apparatus are also known as genitalia and have essentially protective functions, but they are also considered to allow the entry of male sperm into the female body. The external parts of the female reproductive system are as follows:
The internal organs of this apparatus include the vagina, uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes..
The uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes are located in the pelvic-abdominal region. When a girl is born, her ovaries contain about 500 thousand eggs, which are all the eggs that she will have until adulthood.
The female reproductive system is responsible for:
Sex cells or female gametes - the ovules - are produced and stored during embryonic development by the ovaries. Therefore, when a girl is born, she does so with a finite number of eggs, that is, defined, which begin to be released mature at the beginning of a phase known as puberty..
Puberty is the process of sexual maturation that occurs in both men and women in early adolescence. It takes place thanks to a series of hormones produced by nerve stimulation, and that, in women, stimulate the ovaries to produce estrogen and other sex hormones that lead to sexual maturity.
When puberty ends and secondary sexual characteristics such as breast growth and the appearance of pubic hair begin to be observed, women begin a cyclical process that will continue for most of the rest of their adult life: the cycle menstrual.
The menstrual cycle begins with ovulation, an event that takes place about once a month and consists of the release of an egg from the ovaries into the fallopian tubes. Said egg, in principle, is ready to be fertilized by a sperm and develop into an embryo.
Unless the ovum released by the ovaries is fertilized by a sperm (for which copulation must have occurred previously), it leaves the body about 2 weeks later, through the uterus and vagina, and in combination with blood. and the part of the inner lining of the uterus.
Since this entire process occurs with the participation of a large amount of hormones, it is very common for women to feel some discomfort in the previous days, which is usually called Premenstrual syndrome.
This syndrome can be characterized by the appearance of acne, fatigue, pain in the bust and / or in the back, diarrhea or constipation, emotional irritability, difficulty concentrating, abdominal cramps, food cravings, swelling of the legs and belly, etc..
If a man and a woman have sexual intercourse during the ovulation phase of the menstrual cycle, fertilization of that egg released in the fallopian tubes can occur.
Sexual intercourse between a man and a woman consists of the introduction of the male penis inside the vagina and the deposition there of thousands of sperm whose potential function is to travel through the uterus to the fallopian tubes and fertilize the ovum that has been released.
Only one sperm can fertilize an egg at a time, although there may be exceptions. Fertilization consists of the introduction of the sperm nucleus into the cytosol of the ovum and the fusion of both cell nuclei, each of which has half the genetic load of the individual that produced them..
The result of fertilization is a new cell known as a zygote. A few days after this process, the zygote begins to divide, forming a structure called a blastocyst, which is very small and made up of a wall of cells and a hollow interior filled with fluid..
The blastocyst continues its development and between the sixth and tenth day after fertilization it adheres to the endometrium, which is the inner lining of the uterus, a period known as implantation.
Once in the uterus, the processes of cell division and migration continue, which will later correspond to a phase known as gastrulation, in which the germ layers are formed from which the different organs and tissues of the fetus body will originate..
When the embryo reaches approximately the ninth week of gestation, the main organs and body systems have already formed and this begins to be called a fetus, which continues to grow progressively.
The development and growth process takes around 38 to 40 weeks, corresponding to about 9 months, until delivery occurs..
The termination of pregnancy consists of the exit of the baby through the vagina, which is then known as the birth canal, capable of expanding a diameter very close to that of the fetal head.
Some of the main conditions of the female reproductive system include:
Human fertilization.
Male reproductive system.
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