Cations and anions
A cation is an ion that is positively charged and an anion is a negatively charged ion. Both cations and anions are ion types. An ion is an atom or group of atoms that have an electric charge, that is, they have a difference between the number of protons and the number of electrons that make it up..
| Cations | Anions |
| Definition | Positively charged ion | Negatively charged ion |
| Training | It is formed by loss of electrons | It is formed by gaining electrons |
| Load | Positive charge | Negative charge |
| Types of ions | - Mono-atomic cations
- Polyatomic cations
- Monovalent cations
- Divalent cations
- Trivalent cations
| - Mono-atomic anions
- Polyatomic anions
- Monovalent anions
- Divalent anions
- Trivalent anions
|
| Examples | - Sodium ion: Na+
- Potassium ion: K+
- Calcium ion: Catwo+
- Silver ion: Ag+
- ammonium ion: NH4+
| - Chloride ion: Cl-
- Oxygen ion: Otwo-
- Sulfide ion: Stwo-
- Sulfate ion: SO4two-
- Hydroxyl ion: OH-
|
What is an anion?
An anion in chemistry is defined as an ion that is negatively charged because it has excess electrons.
How is an anion formed?
An anion is formed when it gains electrons, that is, it gains one or more negative charges.
Examples of most common anions
We present you a list of the different types of anions.
Monovalent monatomic anions: ions of a single atom with a negative charge
- Cl chloride anion-
- Fluoride anion F-
- Bromide anion Br-
- Iodide anion I-
- Hydride anion H-
Divalent monatomic anions: ions of a single atom with two negative charges
- Sulfide anion Stwo-
- Oxide anion Otwo-
Trivalent monatomic anions: ions of a single atom with three negative charges
- Nitride anion N3-
- Phosphide anion P3-
- Arsenide anion As3-
Polyatomic anions: ions of two or more atoms
- Peroxide anion Otwotwo-
- Arsenate anion AsO43-
- Borate anion BO33-
- Bromate anion BrO3-
- Carbonate anion CO3two-
- HCO bicarbonate anion3-
- ClO hypochlorite anion-
- Chlorite anion ClOtwo-
- Chlorate anion ClO3-
- ClO perchlorate anion4-
- CN cyanide anion-
- NH amide aniontwo-
- Cyanate anion OCN-
- SCN thiocyanate anion-
- OH hydroxide anion-
- Permanganate anion MnO4-
- Sulfate anion SO4two-
- Sulfite anion SO3two-
- Nitrate anion NO3-
- Nitrite anion NOtwo-
- Phosphate anion PO43-
- Acetate anion CtwoH3ORtwo-
- Thiosulfate anion StwoOR3two-
What is a cation?
A cation in chemistry is defined as an ion that is positively charged because it lost electrons from its outermost shell..
How is a cation formed?
Cations are formed when they lose one or more electrons from their valence shell.
Examples of most common cations
We present you a list of different types of cations.
Monovalent monatomic cations: ions of a single atom with a positive charge
- Lithium Li cation+
- Na sodium cation+
- Potassium K cation+
- Silver cation Ag+
- Copper (I) Cu cation+
Divalent monatomic cations: ions of a single atom with two positive charges
- Beryllium cation Betwo+
- Calcium cation Catwo+
- Magnesium cation Mgtwo+
- Strontium cation Srtwo+
- Barium cation Ba Batwo+
- Zinc Zn cationtwo+
- Chromium (II) Cr cationtwo+
- Manganese (II) cation Mntwo+
- Iron (II) Fe cationtwo+
- Cobalt (II) Co cationtwo+
- Copper (II) Cu cationtwo+
- Lead (II) Pb cationtwo+
Trivalent monatomic cations: ions of a single atom with three positive charges
- Aluminum cation Al3+
- Chromium (III) Cr cation3+
- Manganese (III) Mn cation3+
- Cation iron (III) Fe3+
- Cobalt (III) Co cation3+
Polyatomic cations: ions of two or more positively charged atoms
- Cation mercury (I) Hgtwotwo+
- NH ammonium cation4+
- Hydronium cation H3OR+
You may be interested in seeing:
- Atoms and molecules.
- Differences between acids and bases.
- The types of chemical bonds.
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