The acids are compounds that accept electrons or donate protons (H+) in aqueous solutions and bases are compounds that donate electrons, accept protons (H+) or release hydroxyl ions (OH-) in aqueous solutions.
Here are examples of acids and bases in common use, know which are strong or weak acids and which bases are strong or weak.
In our day to day we can find acidic substances in the home. Here are examples of acids with their formulas.
Many of the acids found in the home are part of the acids in food, medicines, and cleaning products..
1. Acetic acid or ethanoic acid CH3COOH: it is the weak organic acid found in the vinegar that we use in salads.
2. Acetylsalicylic acid C9H8OR4: it is the active principle of aspirin, a medicine that is used as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory.
3. Ascorbic acid C6H8OR6- is the common name for vitamin C, found in fruits and vitamin supplements and involved in healing and collagen synthesis.
4. Boric acid H3BO3 it is a weak acid that is used as an insecticide, antiseptic and flame retardant.
5. Butyric acid CH3-CHtwo-CHtwo-COOH or butanoic acid is the fatty acid present in butter.
6. Carbonic acid HtwoCO3 is the acid found in carbonated drinks.
7. Citric acid C6H8OR7 It is an organic acid present in some fruits and an intermediary of cellular metabolism. The IUPAC name for citric acid is 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid.
8. Clavulanic acid C8H9NOT5 It is a drug that is used in combination with antibiotics from the penicillin family. Its effect is to block the bacterial enzymes that destroy the antibiotic.
9. Folic acid C19H19N7OR6 It is an organic acid that is obtained in the leaves of vegetables and is required in the synthesis of nucleic acids. The IUPAC name for folic acid is (2S) -2 - [(4 - [(2-amino-4-hydroxypteridin-6-yl-) methyl] amino phenyl) formamido] pentanedioic acid.
10. Hyaluronic acid C33H54NtwoOR2. 3 It is a derivative of glucose, a glycosaminoglycan, found in connective tissues. Used in skin creams.
11. Oleic acid CH3(CHtwo)7CH = CH (CHtwo)7COOH is a fatty acid present in animal and vegetable fats, especially olive oil.
12. Oxalic acid CtwoHtwoOR4 or ethanedioic acid is a dicarboxylic acid found in spinach leaves.
13. Uric acid C5H4N4OR3 it is a diprotic acid product of nucleic acid metabolism. Its excess in the blood is known as hyperuricemia.
14. Tartaric acid HOOC-CHOH-CHOH-COOH or 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is found in fruits like grapes and bananas. It is used in cooking to regulate the acidity of food.
15. Arachidonic acid CtwentyH32ORtwo o eicosatetraenoic acid is an unsaturated fatty acid found in cell membranes and is the precursor of prostaglandins.
16. Lactic acid H3C-COH-COOH is a weak organic acid product of glucose metabolism by lactobacteria, to produce yogurt.
17. Retinoic acid CtwentyH28ORtwo it is an acid product of the metabolism of vitamin A.
18. Linoleic acid C18H32ORtwo It is an unsaturated fatty acid from which arachidonic acid is synthesized. Found in walnuts and flaxseed.
19. Glutamic acid HOOC-CH (NHtwo) - (CHtwo)two-COOH is an acidic amino acid that is part of proteins.
20. Aspartic acid HOOC-CHtwo-CH (NHtwo) -COOH is an acidic amino acid that is part of proteins.
21. Hydrogen sulfate HtwoS is a volatile acid that is produced by the metabolism of bacteria under anaerobic conditions and also occurs in volcanic gases.
22. Ribonucleic acid RNA is a biological macromolecule that participates in the transmission of genetic information to synthesize proteins. Its acid character is given by the phosphate groups found in the chain.
23. Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA is a nucleic acid, the molecule that contains the genetic information of cells.
You may be interested in knowing the difference between strong and weak acids and bases.
Strong acids are those compounds that ionize completely, that is, they donate their proton completely to form an anion or negative ion.
24. Hydrochloric acid HCl.
25. Chloric acid HClO3
26. Perchloric acid HClO4
27. Sulfuric acid HtwoSW4: used in batteries.
28. Hydrofluoric acid HF.
29. Nitric acid HNO3.
30. Hydrobromic acid HBr.
You may be interested in knowing the Characteristics of acids and bases.
At home we use bases and other alkaline substances for different purposes, let's see some examples.
1. Acetone or propanone H3(CO) CH3 it behaves as a base since it donates electrons. It is used in the home as a solvent and in cleaning.
2. Ammonia NH3, used to clean ovens.
3. Caffeine C8H10N4ORtwo is a weak base stimulating the central nervous system, found in coffee, tea and some stimulating drinks.
4. Aluminum hydroxide Al (OH)3 is a base that is used in medicines to relieve heartburn by reacting with stomach HCl.
5. Magnesium hydroxide Mg (OH)two is a base used in antacids.
6. Bicarbonate ion HCO3- is the conjugate base of carbonic acid. Used in the home for cleaning and in the kitchen as an ingredient in baking powder.
7. Tartrate ion C4H4OR6two- is the conjugate base of tartaric acid. It is used as an antioxidant additive in the food industry and is part of cream of tartar.
8. Urea HtwoN (CO) NHtwo o carbamide is a weak base found in urine.
9. Adenine C5H5N5 is a base derived from purine that is part of DNA and RNA.
10. Aniline C6H5NHtwo is an aromatic amine, a weak base that is used as a precursor to paracetamol and synthetic colorants such as indigo.
11. Arginine C6H14N4ORtwo is a basic amino acid that is part of proteins.
12. Lysine HtwoN (CHtwo)4CH (NHtwo) COOH is a basic amino acid that is part of proteins.
13. Pyridine C5H5N is a heterocyclic base, used as an alkaline solvent and as an insecticide precursor.
14. Purina C5H4N4 it is a basic organic compound that is found in large quantities in red meat.
15. Thymine C3H6NtwoORtwo is a nitrogenous base that is part of deoxyribonucleic acid.
16. Cytosine C4H5N3Or it is a nitrogenous base derived from pyrimidine that is part of DNA and RNA.
17. Guanine C5H5N5O is a nitrogenous base derived from purine that is part of nucleic acids.
18. Uracil C4H4NtwoORtwo is a nitrogenous base derived from pyrimidine found in RNA.
Strong bases are those that ionize easily. The strongest bases are those that are formed with the alkali and alkaline earth metals.
19. Lithium hydroxide LiOH.
20. Sodium hydroxide NaOH.
21. Potassium hydroxide KOH.
22. Ammonium hydroxide NH4Oh.
23. Calcium hydroxide Ca (OH)two.
24. Barium hydroxide Ba (OH)two.
25. Beryllium hydroxide Be (OH)two.
26. Strontium hydroxide Sr (OH)two.
27. Hydroxide zinc Zn (OH)two.
28. Iron II hydroxide Fe (OH)two.
29. Iron hydroxide III Fe (OH)3.
30. Sodium methoxide CH3OR-Na+.
You may be interested in knowing the difference between acid and base.
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