The acids and bases in everyday life They are those that are present in a myriad of commercial products or in the food we consume. They are identified either by their sour or soapy flavors, or by their ability to change the colors of litmus paper..
Most of the acids and bases that we encounter on a daily basis are from Bronsted-Lowry; that is, they can donate or accept H protons+, respectively. Acids have OH groups from which these H are released+, while bases donate OH ions- and neutralize the acids with which they come in contact.
Acids and bases are found in the composition of practically all commercial products. Separately, the pH can be measured and the degree of acidity discovered. Thus, soaps and cleaning products are at the basic end, while milk, citrus, and grapes are at the acid end..
Their reactions are identical to those of any Bronsted-Lowry acid or base..
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Acids can react with transition metals, creating a salt and releasing hydrogen (Htwo). There is release of hydrogen if the metal is located to the left of hydrogen in the electrochemical series of metals:
2 Zn + 2 HCl => ZnCltwo + Htwo
Acids react with carbonate, forming a salt, water, and releasing carbon dioxide:
NatwoCO3 + HCl => NaCl + COtwo + HtwoOR
Acids react with metal oxides, creating a salt and water:
NatwoO + HtwoSW4 => NatwoSW4 + HtwoOR
Acids combine with metal sulfides to form a salt and hydrogen sulfide:
FeS + HCl => FeCltwo + HtwoS
In the esterification process, an acid reacts with an alcohol to form an ester and water..
CH3CHtwoOH + HCOOH => HCOOCHtwoCH3 + HtwoOR
An acid reacts with a base to form a salt and water. Therefore, this type of reaction involves acids and bases:
NaOH + HCl => NaCl + HtwoOR
Sodium hydroxide reacts with some metals, such as zinc (Zn), aluminum (Al), and titanium (Ti). In the case of aluminum, the reaction produces sodium tetrahydroxoaluminate and hydrogen, being a method to prepare hydrogen for use in hot air balloons:
2 Al + 2 NaOH + 6 HtwoO => 2 Na [Al (OH)4] + 3 Htwo
Sodium hydroxide reacts with phosphorus to form sodium hypophosphate (NaHtwoPOtwo) and phosphine (PH3).
Sodium hydroxide reacts with sulfur, producing sodium sulfite (NatwoSW3), sodium sulfide (NatwoS) and water.
Sodium hydroxide and / or potassium hydroxide are capable of hydrolyzing the fatty material to produce soap and glycerin. A soap is the sodium or potassium salt of fatty acid derivatives.
In diluted form it is used as a salad dressing. It is also used in the preservation of food.
It is one of the components added to soft drinks.
It is used as an analgesic and antipyretic.
It is applied topically to inhibit keratination. It is also used in the treatment of certain types of acne.
It is used in motor vehicle batteries.
It is used in the preservation of food. Its use is suitable in mayonnaise and canned products, sometimes appearing as sodium benzoate, salt of benzoic acid..
It is a food preservative compound. It works by preventing contamination with fungi and bacteria.
It is used in soft drinks and carbonated waters, generating the effervescence of these drinks. However, carbonic acid does not exist as such, since it is in equilibrium with carbon dioxide and water. It is also used in the production of dry ice.
Present in vegetables such as garlic and onion. It is a derivative of allicin. This acid has germicidal and antioxidant action.
It is used as a food additive, it has a role as a preservative, antioxidant and flavoring for sweets and soft drinks. It is also used in the pharmaceutical industry to produce effervescence and as an anticoagulant agent..
In addition, it is added to detergents and cleaning products to stabilize them and replace corrosive products..
Citric acid is present in metabolic processes of great importance; such is the case of the Krebs Cycle or Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle.
Likewise, it is present in numerous fruits such as lemon, orange, grapefruit, etc., which is why these fruits are called citrus.
It is used in the elimination of metal oxides and limestone residues and other compounds in the bathrooms of homes..
Gastric juice has a concentration of 0.1 M HCl and a pH close to 1. Hydrochloric acid is secreted by the parietal cells of the gastric wall and constitutes a medium for the action of pepsin, an enzyme that initiates the digestion of cells. ingested protein.
It is an enantiomer of vitamin C. This vitamin is an antioxidant that contributes to the elimination of free radicals. In addition, it intervenes in the growth and repair of body tissues, contributing to the healing of wounds and the formation of scar tissue.
Vitamin C is used regularly in the treatment of the common cold; and although it seems that it does not exert any therapeutic action, it does so preventively.
Mixed with latex it is used to control and improve the growth of potted plants..
It is used in household cleaning.
They are used in the unclogging of pipes, since they react with fats and dissolve them when producing their saponification.
They are antacids that are used together in heartburn, acid indigestion and stomach upset in patients with peptic ulcer, gastritis, esophagitis and hiatal hernia.
It is used in the repair of caries, necessary to restore the protection of the dental pulp.
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