The number of liters that falls during torrential rain is calculated in millimeters. To measure the amount of precipitation that has fallen, an instrument called a rain gauge is used, which is usually found in meteorological stations..
To be precise, the number of liters of rain is calculated by multiplying the minutes the torrential rain lasted by ¼ of the area used to measure.
For example, if the area to be measured is 4 m², and the rain fell for one hour. We make the calculation ¼ of 4 m² gives us 1 m²; one hour is 60 minutes; then 60 x 1 m² = 60L x m². But since the area to be measured is 4 m², the final calculation is 60 x 4 = 240 liters in total..
As we said before, the world unit of measurement for rainfall is the millimeter. To measure in millimeters the rain gauge is used, which accurately gives the amount of water that falls.
The rain gauge has a scale graduated in millimeters. Each millimeter, in the rain gauge, is equivalent to one liter per square meter.
That is, it is the amount of water that falls on an impermeable surface of one square meter during the time that the precipitation lasted.
There are 4 different kinds of rain gauges:
The manual rain gauge is the simplest indicator of rainfall. It is usually a special round container, it can be made of stainless steel or plastic, with a scale graduated in millimeters..
The height reached by the accumulated water is the amount of water that fell.
The totalizing rain gauge consists of a funnel that collects the water in a graduated container.
It is placed at a certain height from the ground, and an operator will collect the information. As its name implies, it is used to measure the total amount of rain that has fallen in a certain period of time..
The siphon rain gauge is composed of a rotating drum that rotates at a constant speed, which in turn carries a graduated paper and a nib.
As the rain falls by the pen, it leaves marks on the paper. In the abscissa the time is registered and in the ordinate the height of the precipitation.
The tipping double bucket rain gauge has a funnel that leads the collected water into a small double bucket, triangular in shape, with a hinge at its midpoint..
The amount of falling water changes the balance in the buckets. These tilt and empty each time they are filled, to be filled again. They are emptied every 0.2 mm of precipitation, each bucket.
According to the intensity of the rain, this can be classified as
-Weak when it falls less than 2mm
-Moderate 2.1 to 15 mm
-15.1 to 30 mm strong
-Very strong from 30.1 to 60 mm
-Torrential more than 60 mm
There is also a name for rainfall:
-Rain: most precipitation
-Drizzle: Very light rain
-Squall or downpour: it is a moderate to heavy rain, but of short duration
-Electrical storm: it is a rain accompanied by electrical activity
-Monsoon: it is a very intense and constant rain typical of areas with a very humid climate
-Water hose or waterspout: meteorological phenomenon of small dimensions, accompanied by intense wind in the form of a vortex.
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