The Marxist school was constituted from the writings and reflections of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, as an institution that deepened in the study, development and propagation of communist doctrine.
For the followers of this doctrine, the goal is to identify and describe the objective laws that govern the relations of production that arise within capitalism. This school defends the opposite of capitalism, that is, it defends the public state of the means of production. On the contrary, capitalism defends the private state of the means of production and a competitive market motivated by economic profit..
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Among the main characteristics of Marxism are:
All people are the same. The distinction of people based on their economic situation is not allowed.
Socialism defends public or collective ownership of the means of production and distribution.
The State must plan all the necessary economic processes in society: production, exchange, distribution and consumption..
In a communist regime, the state is responsible for distributing wealth.
The State in a timely manner and without discrimination, satisfies basic needs such as food, shelter, clothing, health, education and employment.
Every individual in society should have the same opportunities.
The State must ensure that the skills, talent and capacity of people are taken into account in the distribution of benefits.
State control guarantees an equitable distribution of goods and services, and therefore the need to compete in the market and to consume excessively disappears.
The State is responsible for setting prices.
Some of the main representatives of the Marxist school:
He was the founder of this doctrine along with Friedrich Engels, when he made a critical review of the history of capitalism and raised the need for the workers to take over the means of production. His main ideas are presented in his work Capital.
He was one of the Bolshevik leaders of the communist party. He was the theorist of market socialism. He joined Stalin against Trotsky, but later led the Right Opposition.
For many years he served as the National Secretary of the Socialist Workers Party (SWP), of which he was founder.
He was also among the founders of the Communist Party and Trotskyism..
It was the Dutchman who founded the Communist Labor Party, after being a member of the leftist labor movement for some time.
He was one of the founders of the Italian Communist Party.
He was also from the group of intellectuals of Marxism. His interest led him to theorize on the notions of: hegemony, base and superstructure and also on the war of positions.
He was an Argentine doctor who ventured into the political and military life of the region. He was also a writer.
The Cuban Revolution had him among its protagonists. He also contributed to the revolutions in Africa and other Latin American countries.
He dedicated part of his intellectual work to investigate the ways of organizing economic activity in socialism.
It was the Bolshevik feminist who led the movement that fought against the control of trade unions by political parties.
Her foray into politics led her to be the first woman to serve in the government of a nation. He was a member of the Russian Constituent Assembly.
Russian politician who started within the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party.
His sharpness and leadership helped him to be among the protagonists of the October Revolution of 1917, and to be, 5 years later, the supreme head of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR).
Today he is also known as the founder of the Communist International.
Within his intellectual activity, he managed to identify imperialism as a phase in the evolution of capitalism.
She was the founder of the Spartacist League which would later become the German Communist Party.
He also founded the newspaper La Bandera Roja, together with Karl Liebknecht. Even today his death is still commemorated in mid-January in Berlin.
One of the most notable Latin American Marxists.
He was a Peruvian indigenist and journalist who encouraged the creation of the General Confederation of Workers of Peru as well as the Peruvian Communist Party..
Another notable Latin American within Marxism.
He was an Argentine historian who takes up the idea of the Socialist United States of Latin America, after a historical analysis of the region.
He was a German philosopher who was in charge of the Francfut School. Of the highest representatives of critical theory inspired by Marxism.
Philosopher originally from French Algeria.
Despite his psychiatric problems, he developed a long list of writings in which he analyzed or criticized the work of great thinkers, including Karl Marx..
It could be said that at the core of his philosophy is the idea that history is a process without subject or ends..
For Althusser, the engine of history are the productive forces and the class struggle that is generated in the process..
German philosopher and sociologist.
Developed critical theory within the Frankfurt School of Social Research.
He was a Vietnamese politician and military.
He instructed many Asian communist organizations about the war. He founded the Communist Party of Vietnam, and the Front for the Liberation of Vietnam.
In 1954 he was president of Vietnam.
He was a philosopher and sociologist with dual citizenship: German and American.
It was also part of the Frankfurt School. In fact, he was considered as a transitional character between the first and second generation because he considers that capitalism has managed to create fictitious needs.
In this way, Marcuse argues, capitalism has created a much more developed and difficult to defeat mode of submission..
He was a Chinese politician and philosopher who managed to adapt the postulates of Marxism to the reality of China, giving a leading role to the peasants.
He developed theories about war strategies and the democratic dictatorship of the people. He proposed the cultural revolution as a necessary way to defeat capitalism.
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