They are States of the material the specific patterns in which the constituents of matter are grouped together. The properties of matter, instead, they are the set of qualities that matter presents and that characterizes it.
Matter is defined as that which has mass, occupies space and is composed of atoms and molecules, which are, in turn, matter.
| States of the material | Properties of matter | |
|---|---|---|
| Definition | Form of organization or packaging of the atoms or molecules of a substance or body. | Qualities of a substance or body determined by its chemical and physical structure. |
| Types | There are five states: solid, liquid, gas, plasma, and Bose-Einstein condensate.. | There are multiple properties: physical, chemical, inclusive, exclusive. |
| Examples | At 0 ºC ethyl alcohol is liquid and water is solid. | Mass, volume, melting point, thermodynamic stability. |
The states of matter refer to the way in which its constituent molecules are organized. They are also known as states of matter aggregation.
There are five states of matter: solid, liquid, gas, plasma, and Bose-Einstein condensate. A phase change it is established when one state of matter is transformed into another. For example, when a solid becomes a liquid (melting) or the liquid becomes a solid (solidification).
A solid has a definite shape and volume, since its molecules are tightly packed, which limits movement between them..
Examples of solids are seen in rocks, wood and metals when they are at room temperature. Water at temperatures below 0 ºC is in a solid state.
A liquid has a defined volume and takes the shape of the container in which it is contained. Molecules in liquids are grouped together in such a way that they can move more freely compared to solids..
Examples of a liquid state at room temperature are water, mercury, oil, and alcohol..
In gases, the molecules or atoms are scattered in the space that limits them. They do not have a defined volume or shape, that is, they acquire the shape and volume of the container where they are contained..
Examples of gases at room temperature are in air, which is a mixture of gaseous elements such as oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide..
Plasma is produced when a gas receives a large amount of energy, which causes the release of its electrons. Like gases, plasma has neither a definite shape nor a definite volume.
Examples of plasma are found in stars, rays, fluorescent lights and neon signs.
A Bose-Einstein condensed state is achieved when a group of atoms is cooled to almost absolute zero (-273 ° C). At this point, the atoms practically do not move relative to each other, behaving as if they were a single atom..
Examples of the Bose-Einstein condensed state were barely achieved experimentally in the 1990s. Many of these experiments use laser-cooled rubidium atoms.
The Properties of matter are those qualities or attributes of matter that depend on its chemical composition and physical structure.. These properties can be physical, chemical, intensive or extensive..
They are those measurable qualities that do not involve modification of the chemical structure of matter. Elasticity, temperature, volume, and boiling point are examples of physical properties.
They encompass those qualities that can only be observed when there are changes in the chemical structure. Examples of chemical properties are reactivity, flammability, toxicity, and thermodynamic stability..
They are those properties that do not depend on the quantity of matter. For example, the density of a material does not vary even if we have 1 kilogram or 10 grams of the same material.
They are those physical properties that change when modifying the amount of matter, such as, for example, volume and mass.
The different properties of matter serve to identify and classify materials. Let's see some examples.
The ability of matter to react under certain conditions determines its chemical stability. We have, for example, the noble gases (helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, radon and oganeson) which are the least reactive elements in the periodic table. On the other hand, the alkali metals (lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium and francium) react strongly in the presence of water..
The ease with which you can transform a material into sheets without breaking it is a physical property known as malleability. For example, coal is not malleable, because when struck with enough force it breaks into pieces. Instead, one ounce of gold (28.35 g) can be spread on a 91 m sheettwo.
Specific heat is an intensive physical property that indicates the amount of heat required to increase the temperature by one degree centigrade of a kilogram of material. For example, the specific heat of gold is 129 Joules / ºC per kg, that of sodium chloride is 864 Joules / ºC per kg.
This means that seven times as much heat is required to raise the temperature of salt by one degree compared to gold. Which means that gold heats up faster than salt.
Charge is the physical property that determines the interaction forces of matter in an electromagnetic field. There are positive, negative or neutral charges. Like charges oppose and different charges attract.
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