The flora of Loreto, department of Peru, is very varied due to the immense vegetal wealth that its territory possesses. It is possible to observe various species of timber trees, such as cedar and mahogany, and a large variety of orchids and cacti.
Among the most representative autochthonous floral species of the department of Loreto are some orchids of the acacallis, cattleya, dracula, epidendrum, oncidium and lycaste genera, as well as some species of the cactus family.
Loreto has always attracted botanists and the pharmaceutical industry, since there are unique plant species in this department; some do not even have a scientific classification yet.
It is a genus of small orchids with about 5 or 6 species, which grows in the Peruvian jungle and in other South American countries.
It has oblong lance-shaped leaves and has short petioles. It develops erect stems that later arch. It has elongated, slightly compressed and rough pseudobulbs, which are covered with bracts.
Its color can vary from white to pink and purple. Lives in forests with high temperatures and very high humidity.
This genus of orchids also inhabits the jungles of Peru and in several Latin American countries. They can be terrestrial or epiphytic (born on another plant) and have a cylindrical underground stem from which the roots are generated..
The Cattleyas swallowsCattleya luteola Y Cattleya purplish) They are the most typical flowers of this species in Loreto. They are of variable size with oblong-elliptical pseudobulb.
Its leaves can be oblong, elliptical or lance-shaped, leathery or fleshy in consistency. They have entire edge and free petals.
This genus of orchids has 118 species, including the strangest and best known of this family. They were previously included in the genre Masdevallia, but later they were disaggregated.
Draculas (Latin for "little dragon") are orchids that form in clusters with a dense group of stems. Each stem develops a large, dark or light green, thin and spike-shaped leaf. They do not have pseudobulbs.
It is a genus made up of about 1000 species of orchids. Most of these are epiphytic habits.
Due to their differences in vegetation, appearance and flower size, many species of this group have been separated to form their own genera, such as the Dimerandra, the oerstedella, the Encyclia and the Barkeria.
This genus of orchids that grows in the jungle has 54 epiphytic species. It lives at heights that range between 500 and 2800 meters above sea level..
Lycaste is deciduous (dying and falling) to various degrees. There are species of yellow flowers, such as the Aromatic lycaste, that has no leaves.
There are also evergreen such as Lycaste skinerii. This species has pseudobulbs and its leaves are kept alive while it blooms. Produces large, triangular flowers.
This genus of orchids typical of the Peruvian jungle is also known by the name of dancing lady, because its flowers move with the breeze as if it were dancing and its lip (modified petal in the shape of a lip) resembles a dancer.
There are about 330 species of these orchids that belong to this genus of the subfamily Epidendroideae.
This family of succulent plants is mostly thorny. They are known by the common name of cacti or cactus. It is a plant native to America.
The fundamental characteristic of this family of flowering plants is its areola. It has a specialized structure from which spines, new shoots, and sometimes flowers emerge.
It is the largest water lily in the Amazon River, being abundant in the Peruvian and Brazilian areas. The submerged stems reach 8 meters long, while the leaves arranged in a circular way exceed one meter in diameter (40 cm in diameter in total).
Among its peculiarities are that it supports up to 40 kg of weight and that they open at sunset, emitting a fragrance similar to that produced by apricot. The indigenous natives use the juice of this flower to dye their hair black.
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