The flora and fauna of the Caribbean region of Colombia They are diverse thanks to the variety of climates and ecosystems that exist. Savanna plant species and wild fauna such as the tigrillo and flamenco abound.
Species such as bocachico and caiman predominate in its rivers, and dolphins and sharks are found in the sea. Some of the animal and plant species found in this region are in danger of extinction, such as the guartinaja and the manatee..
Its flora has species of savanna and mountain. Also swamps and lagoons, such as mangroves and large coral reefs, especially in the Rosario Islands, in Cartagena..
The plant species in this region vary according to the soils and climate. Like the relief, the flora also presents many contrasts.
For example, in La Guajira desert species such as cacti, thorny bushes and cardonales predominate..
There are three other types of wild plants predominant in the warm areas of the region: the bignoniaceae or trumpet vines, the rubiaceae (commonly called blond or white gallium, of the coffee family) and the euphorbiaceae, plant that has more than 7500 species.
In the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta the vegetation is of moorland, the frailejón being the most emblematic representative. Magnoliopsida species abound in the La Guajira páramo.
Among the most representative flora species of the region are the cayenne, the coconut, the mesquite and the ipomoea.
This ornamental plant is one of the symbols of the region. It is known by the names of Chinese rose, papo or cayenne (hibiscus rosa-sinensis).
It is a shrub with flowers with large yellow, orange, scarlet and pink petals. It belongs to the Malvaceae family.
This plant grows along the entire Colombian Caribbean coast and in the Pacific Ocean, and belongs to the Arecáceae family..
It is a leguminous shrub of the Fabaceae family.
This plant belongs to the convolvulaceae family, and has a creeping stem that is sometimes creeping. It has leaves of various shapes and produces large flowers of colors, blue, purple, red and white..
The corozo, the rubber stick and the mamey are other species of trees representative of this region.
Like many other species of the euphorbiaceae family, the poisonous manzanillo is a very toxic plant and its fruit can be deadly to humans. It is located in the Caribbean coastal areas, mainly in the area of La Guajira.
Plant very characteristic of the Caribbean regions of Colombia, being also widely used in the traditions and customs of the area. Small in size, it has white flowers and a scaly gray bark. Gives off an odor similar to that produced by sugar cane.
The most representative native wildlife of the region is the following:
The tigrillo, also known as the lesser tiger cat, lives in dense forests. It measures between 40 and 55 centimeters and has a tail of about 40 centimeters. Weighs between 2 and 3.5 kilos.
This animal lives in the forests and humid areas of the region. Usually kept in the vegetation, no more than 5 meters high.
It lives in swamps and lagoons. It measures between 130 to 192 centimeters in length, and has a weight of about 4 kilograms.
It lives in high areas of forests and jungles near rivers. It is a bird with blue, red, yellow and white plumage, with a long tail and a strong beak..
The manatee lives in warm waters and feeds on aquatic plants. They are called water cows for their large bodies, whose weight ranges between 200 and 700 kilograms.
It lives in the wetlands of the departments of Bolívar, Atlántico and Magdalena, and is in danger of extinction.
Also known as black tattoo, it measures about 50 centimeters and stands out for its speed and, above all, the frame that protects the head and back. However, it is on the verge of extinction due to its predators and poaching by humans for its meat..
Originally from the Magdalena river basin, it is a freshwater fish that usually lives at the bottom of swamps. They can measure up to 30 centimeters and are highly exposed due to overfishing, deforestation of their environment or pollution..
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