A experiment report o experiment report is a written document that aims to record the steps or observations that have been made during the development of a scientific experiment.
For example, after conducting an experiment on a group of diseased plants, the researcher can write a report explaining what type of disease the plants suffer from; either fungi, pests, among others.
In that same report, the researcher establishes the conclusions reached through the experiment. Continuing with the example, the researcher could affirm that the plants are sick because they are located in a very humid environment, which causes the appearance of fungi.
It should be noted that experimental reports are made by many people from an early age; For example, in biology classes, students are required to submit a report at the end of each experiment.
These reports are also used in more advanced studies and disciplines, as biologists and other scientists use them on a recurring basis during their research..
Experimental reports are used to describe the characteristics or qualities of the experiment. They also allow recording the phenomena or particularities observed by the researcher during experimentation..
For example, if a scientist performs an experiment to find out the behavior of certain birds, in the report he will specify the characteristics of these birds (color, size, age) and the objectives of his research (to know how the sounds that they emit, among others).
The experiment reports are documents of a scientific nature, so whoever prepares them must use a formal and precise language.
As the name implies, these reports are intended to report, so it is necessary that the content of the text is clear and concise, maintaining objectivity and using the terms required by scientific methodology.
An example of this language: through a microscope, the presence of the bacteria could be verified Salmonella on the skin of a group of turtles.
The experimental reports follow the scientific methodology, since this allows to grant veracity and objectivity to the research that is being carried out..
The scientific method consists of the systematic observation (that is to say: ordered, that follows procedures) of a phenomenon or object of study. This method also requires experimentation and hypothesis formulation.
Generally speaking, the experiment reports function as a kind of proof that the experimentation was carried out. That is, the reports are proof that the experiment was carried out by the researcher or researchers..
In addition, these reports also serve to record data or particularities that were observed during the experiment. In this way, the researcher can have a file where the characteristics, possible drawbacks and results of his experiment are located..
Likewise, this report will serve future researchers who are interested in the topic that was discussed in the experiment. For example, a scientist may resort to the report made by another scientist with the aim of expanding the object of study and contributing new elements.
Within the student field, the experimental reports allow teachers to evaluate the performance of their students in scientific subjects (biology, natural sciences, among others). Writing these reports familiarizes students with scientific methodology.
In this section, the researchers provide a brief summary of the work carried out. This summary should describe the main objectives of the work, along with some of the procedures that were carried out..
In the introduction the motivations of the work are placed, together with an explanation that allows understanding the theory that was used in the experimentation.
For example, if you want to make a report for the Physics subject, you must place the physical laws that will be used for the experiment, the phenomena that were selected to apply these physical laws, among other aspects.
In the development, the researcher must detail the processes of the experiment. That is, in this section a description of the steps that were followed during the experiment is placed, as well as the instruments or materials that were used (for example: microscope, telescope, pipette, test tube, among others).
The data obtained after carrying out the experiment are placed in the results. Some researchers place graphs, as these allow the phenomena or findings to be identified more precisely.
For example: if a researcher is studying plant diseases, he can place in the results that 80% of them were shown to be infected with fungi, while 20% were shown to be infected with worms..
Then, the researcher or student places the conclusions that he could reach thanks to the experiment..
Continuing with the previous example, the researcher could conclude that certain species of plants are more prone to contracting fungi depending on climatic variations.
Finally, the materials that were consulted by the researcher are placed to complement or support the experiment; These can be books, videos, photographs, among others.
Let's look at an example of an experiment report in biology:
Resume
The objective of this experiment was to observe and describe how seedlings - recently germinated plants - of beans seek light. To do this, a couple of bean seeds were placed in a glass jar surrounded by moistened cotton..
Introduction
After the seedlings germinated, they were placed inside a cardboard box with a hole; this in order to check if the seedlings would approach the hole to obtain sunlight. The reason for this experiment is to analyze and understand the need for plants to receive good lighting to grow.
Developing
The materials used for this experiment were: a glass bottle, cotton, a cardboard box, gloves to handle the seedlings and a magnifying glass. On the fourth day, the seeds began to take root. Later, several seedlings grew.
After two weeks, the plants were guided by the lighting coming through the hole in the cardboard box, so they slowly slid towards it. In the third week, the leaves appeared outside the box.
Outcome
From this observation it was possible to know that, of the four germinated seedlings, three of them managed to cross the hole.
Conclusions.
In this way, it is concluded that bean plants need sunlight to develop properly. For this reason, the growing seedlings will seek illumination.
Bibliography
To carry out this experiment, the book The Future of Life: Natural Sciences for Second Year Children (2014) by the author Basilia Mejías.
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