The rhetorical figures They are resources that are used in speeches, both written and oral. These are used to create rhythm, sound, images, relationships, among other effects.
Some of these figures are used daily by speakers without them realizing it..
For example, it is very common to hear teeth called "pearls", which is a metaphor.
Objects are also often named with the brand name. For example, a Tiffany (to say a Tiffany brand ring) or a Lamborghini (instead of a Lamborghini brand car). These are examples of metonymy, which is a figure of speech.
There are even expressions that are considered wrong when speaking but that represent figures of speech.
Such is the case of the phrases “climb the climb” or “ride on top”. These redundancies are examples of pleonasms, which consists of the use of unnecessary elements to give emphasis.
Alliteration is the repetition of a consonant sound in the words that make up a sentence or verse. This sound can appear both at the beginning, in the middle and at the end of words.
It is usually used in poetry, since it creates sound beauty when reciting the verses.
"Sighs escape his strawberry mouth." Ruben Dario.
The analogy is the comparison of two similar elements to prove a point.
The antithesis occurs when two ideas or words are opposed or contrasted, creating a parallel construction.
“Extremism in defense of freedom is not a vice. Moderation in the search for justice is not a virtue ”. Barry goldwater.
The antonomasia is a type of metonymy that consists of the substitution of the name of an ordinary individual by the name of a well-known character with whom he shares certain attributes.
My brother was a Don Juan.
The apostrophe refers to the words used to address a specific audience and get their attention.
"Oh Captain! My Captain! Our terrible journey is over.". Oh captain, my captain!, by Walt Whitman.
The asyndeton is the suppression of the coordinated conjunctions between phrases, clauses or words.
The epithet is the name that receives the prefix of the adjective. In Spanish, the traditional position of the adjective is postponed to the noun, as in the phrase “la casa blanca”.
However, the foregoing position is accepted in cases where intrinsic characteristics of the subject are to be highlighted..
White snow.
Hyperbaton is the alteration of the traditional order of words within a sentence.
"In the lute I am note,
perfume in violet,
fleeting flame in the graves
and in the ivy ruins ".
Rhyme V, by Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer.
Hyperbole consists of exaggerating the attributes of an element or a situation.
I want you from here to the moon.
The metaphor is a rhetorical figure that establishes a relationship of similarity between two things. It is a simile in which the comparative link "as" or "which" is eliminated..
He threw toads and snakes out of his mouth (curses).
The floor of my house is maroon grass (it has a carpet the color of the grass).
The term metonymy comes from two Greek words: goal, what does "change" mean, and onimium, what does "name" mean.
So, metonymy consists of changing the name of one thing, attributing it to another with which it has a contiguous relationship.
Relationships can be of various types:
The reason for my life (the most important thing in my life).
We had four glasses (four glasses with wine).
He drove a Ferrari (a Ferrari car).
He had an original Van Gogh (a painting painted by Van Gogh).
He aspires to reach the White House (to the presidency of the United States).
Onomatopoeia is the use of words that represent the sounds made by animals, objects, actions, among others.
Oink-oink, for the pigs.
Buzz, for the bees.
Click, with the computer mouse.
The oxymoron is a paradox that is achieved thanks to the juxtaposition of words whose meaning is contradicted.
Bitter sweetness.
I must be cruel so I can be kind.
Paradox is a construction that goes against common sense.
"What a shame that youth is wasted on the young." George Bernard Shaw.
It is the rhetorical figure opposite to asyndeton. It consists of the repetition of coordinated conjunctions between phrases, clauses or words.
“Each hedge was a different species of snake, some long, some short, some sticking out their tongues and some with their mouths open, showing fearsome green teeth. They were quite mysterious, and Violet, Klaus, and Sunny were a bit hesitant to pass them on the way home. "
The reptile room, Lemony snicket.
In this case the conjunction "and" is repeated.
The prosopopoeia, also called humanization or personification, is the attribution of human characteristics to inanimate objects or animals.
Fables are one of the best examples of the use of prosopopoeia, as they show animals that speak and act like human beings.
Pleonasm is the use of words that do not improve the understanding of the message because they are redundant.
Got up early.
The simile is an explicit comparison. Includes a link ("as", "which" or "such").
My love is like a fever.
The synecdoche is a type of metonymy that consists of naming the whole by the part or vice versa.
The gossips said that that house was haunted (rumors).
Moles are common expressions. Moles are often other figures of speech that have become clichés because of their excessive use..
Your eyes are two stars (metaphor).
As white as a wall (simile).
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