The artistic expressions in New Spain and Peru They were strongly influenced by two European artistic trends: Mannerism and Baroque art. During the colonial period, the Spanish monarchy established viceroyalties in these two geographical areas..
The arts that evolved in these regions were deeply intertwined with the state religion of Roman Catholicism. However, the models introduced by Spain and its Church diverged somewhat.
Some factors associated with local peculiarities led to certain artistic differences. It can then be said that artistic movements were also part of the process of miscegenation that occurred in the New World..
Mannerism emerged in Rome and Florence between 1510 and 1520, in the last years of the High Renaissance. The term is derived from the Italian word maniera which means "style" or "in the manner of".
This movement was a transition between the idealized style typical of Renaissance art and the theatricality of the Baroque..
The concept applies mainly to painting, but it also applies to sculpture and architecture. In general, Mannerist painting tends to be more artificial and less naturalistic than Renaissance painting..
In the seventeenth century, baroque art had already been established in Europe. However, due to natural delay, Mannerism impacts artistic expressions in New Spain and Peru towards the end of the 16th and early 17th centuries..
In America this artistic movement had different characteristics from those of Europe. At first, the artistic expressions in New Spain and Peru had the direct influence of artists from the European continent..
Thus, the Italian mannerist artists Bernardo Bitti, Angelino Medoro and Mateo Pérez de Alesio arrived in Peru.
His contemporaries Simón Pereyns and Andrés de la Concha, part of the so-called educated generation, arrived in Mexico. However, already in American territory they are isolated and subjected to the iron control of the Church.
In addition, his little contact with European trends consists only of some engravings brought from the other side of the Atlantic. His disciples create their own art workshops without the support of the European sphere..
His works show elongated figures with unnatural poses typical of Mannerism. But this characteristic is not so pronounced due to ecclesiastical precepts.
In the middle of the seventeenth century, the baroque style was already reflected in the artistic expressions of New Spain and Peru..
It was a more realistic style, without the fanciful colors, elongated proportions, and illogical spatial relationships. His paintings and sculptures represented religious events in the most real way possible..
At the beginning of this artistic movement the scenes were dramatic, with non-idealized figures and on a large scale..
In New Spain and Peru, baroque art was inspired by the works of flamenco Rubens.
Local artists tried to capture the emotions of their viewers and actively participate in the mission of the Church. Thus, religious themes dominated the scene.
However, native artists (including mulattoes and indigenous people) reflected clearly Latin American themes..
In the late Baroque a style called mestizo baroque developed. This combined techniques of both tendencies.
For example, in the Mixtec-Puebla styles of Mexico and the Tiwanaku-Huari of Peru, pre-Columbian stone and wood carving techniques were used.
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