The types of racism The most frequent are biological, sexual, cultural, internalized, spatial, institutional, colorism, xenophobia, age and aversive. Unfortunately, nowadays we are tired of seeing violent cases of racism, prejudice and social stereotypes towards different groups, whether they are foreigners, gays, disabled or any other condition that is different from oneself.
It is not uncommon to find dramatic news where people are attacked because of their physical condition or because they belong to a sexual group other than what is established by the norm. It is an act of discrimination that is carried out against a person or a group for racial or ethnic reasons, where certain individuals consider themselves superior and reject anyone who is not from their group.
Racism includes the belief that genetic or hereditary differences produce an inherent superiority or inferiority of one ethnic group to another. Targets an individual or group in a less privileged position.
It not only refers to social attitudes towards a certain group, but also to social structures and actions that oppress, exclude or discriminate against such individuals or groups..
We can also see racism in discriminatory laws, such as residential segregation, and in inequality of opportunities at an economic, educational or health level..
Racism has never ceased to exist, it has only been transformed as society evolves. The main change is in the form of expression, as in the names that have been given, including "modern racism", "symbolic racism", "aversive racism" or "subtle racism".
Biological racism rests on the belief that biological inheritance transmits superior physical and intellectual characteristics. It would therefore be to accept that there are races whose intellectual or physical capacity is above other races..
Sexual racism consists of rejecting a person or group of people of a specific gender. Sometimes this type of racism can arise if the person has suffered some type of physical or psychological damage. In general, it usually occurs in women, especially if they have been severely injured or humiliated by a man.
Cultural racism consists of believing in a historical-cultural superiority of one race over another.
This kind of racism is the most common, where a person or a group rejects others because of their skin color. We would have the classic example in racism between whites and blacks..
It would discriminate against all those people who have some type of physical or mental disability, in such a way that they are denied accessibility to both housing and employment, even keeping them in poverty.
It occurs especially in Middle Eastern countries, where some citizens may be discriminated against or mistreated just for belonging to a different religion.
Also known as aporophobia, it is a type of rejection or discrimination against those groups with fewer economic resources. Those with a higher economic status view those of a lower class as thieves, murderers, or drug addicts..
This type of racism can lead to behaviors as brutal as ending the life of anyone who has a sexual preference for the same sex, also known as homophobia.
In this type of racism, people of color internalize the negative messages they have received and come to feel ashamed of themselves for being "different.".
They even hate their skin color, hair, or other physical characteristics. This results in them developing low self-esteem and not feeling comfortable with themselves, because they believe that their race makes them inferior..
Refers to patterns of metropolitan development in which some economically wealthy white people create racially and economically segregated zones within cities, leaving newly arrived immigrants in very run-down areas of the city.
Institutional racism refers to institutional and cultural practices that affect racial inequality. The benefits would be structured to the advantage of power groups. Examples of this racism are the Jim Crow and Redlining laws.
It is about directing racist behavior towards those people who are not used to racism. As for example towards the white race, since we are used to hearing jokes, series or TV programs where racism is focused on black people.
Those people who are victims of subtle racism may feel discriminated against or rejected by waiters, salespeople in stores, etc..
Surely it has ever happened to you that depending on the clothing you were wearing, the saleswoman was or not attending you. It seems that they have a radar to detect those people who are not the latest in fashion or do not wear brands..
It is often seen as a problem for those communities of color. It's kind of like discriminating against others for having darker skin than yours (which comes to be called curling the curl even more). For years in the black community, lighter skin was always seen as superior to darker.
Not only does colorism occur in the black community, but also in countries like Asia, where the products that exist to whiten the skin are sold very easily..
It is the rejection, fear or hatred towards the foreigner. This racism consists of the rejection of one's own cultural identity, so that in xenophobia it is proposed to accept foreigners as long as they comply with the socio-cultural assimilation of the country in which they live..
In this way, the xenophobe justifies the segregation and discrimination that he does just by not losing his own identity..
Within xenophobia we can include Islamophobia, which is fear or a feeling of hostility towards Islamic culture.
More and more people are declaring themselves Islamophobic as a result of the events that are happening today. The government and the media are also responsible for generating a global fear of the entire society.
Ageism in Spanish comes to mean age discrimination.
Who has not ever heard that older people are slow, clumsy or have memory loss, without thinking about the consequences that this entails.
In several studies it was shown that those older people who lived under these labels felt and acted as they were told, with which their quality of life was affected.
Most older people are physically and mentally active regardless of age, yet social norms marginalize these people. A clear example is retirement.
Unintentional racism can be just as destructive as intentional racism.
An example of this type of racism would be to put a picture of a black boy in a pot of chocolate and a picture of a white boy in a pot of white chocolate. Another example would be to believe that all Chinese have the same eyes, when it is not true.
According to the theory proposed by Samuel L. Gaertner and John F. Dovidio in 1986, there is a type of racism that consists in avoiding certain interactions with other ethnic groups due to the negative evaluations we have about them in our mind.
Aversive racism is characterized by expressions and attitudes that classify other individuals as "friend" or "enemy" depending on whether we consider ourselves part of the group to which they belong..
In a study carried out by David Amodio and Patricia Devine in 2006, a group of subjects had to indicate if one of the words shown had a positive or negative value, at the same time that they were shown white or white faces. blacks.
The result was that when the faces were black, the participants assigned a negative word to them much more quickly than when the faces were white..
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