The natural resources of Oaxaca They include forest resources, among which pine and oak forests stand out; fishing resources, of which sailfish and lobster stand out; and mineral resources, with gold and silver being the main elements extracted.
This Mexican state is located on the southern coast of the country. It is the fifth largest state in extension. Its limits are the Mexican states of Puebla and Veracruz to the north; Chiapas to the east; the Pacific Ocean to the south; and Guerrero to the west. Oaxaca is divided into 570 municipalities and its capital is Oaxaca de Juárez.
The name of the state comes from the word Hauxyacac, Native to the Aztec Nahuatl language. Hauxyacac means "in the upper part of the gourd tree".
The gourdLeucaena leucocephala) is a long-lived thornless bush or tree that can reach heights of 7 to 20 meters. This tree is common throughout the state.
Forests are among the greatest natural resources in Oaxaca. These cover approximately half of the land area of the state.
There are temperate climate forests and tropical forests, as well as high, medium and low forests. A good part of the territory is occupied by pine, pine-oak and oak forests.
In its 597 kilometers of coastline, Oaxaca has a great variety of fish, such as mullet, snapper, sailfish, carp, shrimp and lobster.
It also has 61 lagoon systems on its coasts, which have different depths and temporality..
The fishing industry has not been developed to its full potential. However, one of the most popular activities is shrimp catching. This activity is carried out mainly in the area of Puerto de Salina Cruz.
Among the natural resources of Oaxaca, minerals occupy a preponderant place. Since pre-Hispanic times, gold and silver have been extracted from the mines of the region.
Currently there are unquantified reserves of copper, silver, gold, zinc and antimony. There are also deposits of non-metallic minerals, including: micas, zeolites, marble, travertines and granite.
The lands of Oaxaca are fertile, for this reason a large part of its citizens are farmers. The most important crops are mangoes and coffee, which are the main ones for local consumption.
Other important crops are corn, beans, squash, avocado, orange, sugar cane and tobacco..
The entity has several oil fields. A large oil refinery in Salina Cruz supplies most of the oil and its by-products, used by the Pacific coastal region.
Explorations are constantly being carried out, in shallow and deep waters, to discover more oil sources.
Oaxaca has several water resources such as rivers, waterfalls, and lagoons. The largest river is the Rio Papaloapan, which is formed when several small rivers meet near the border with Veracruz..
Among the most famous waterfalls for their beauty are Salto de Conejo, Cabdadihui, Yatao, Salto de Fraile and Apaola.
The largest lagoons are Chacahua and Manialtepec in the coastal region, and Superior and Inferior of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec.
The abundance of natural resources in Oaxaca comes from its biodiversity, which is the highest in the Mexican Republic.
The entity has about thirty thousand different plant species. In addition to its timber trees, it has coconut palms and mangroves (a tropical evergreen tree). Plants such as fennel, thyme, and bay leaf are also common..
In relation to the fauna, small animals such as squirrels, opossums (Mexican worms) and armadillos inhabit this area..
The largest mammals include deer, bobcats, leopards, wild boars, tapirs, and spider monkeys. Among the birds we can mention the tzentzontles (the bird with a thousand voices), goldfinches, sparrows, hawks and eagles..
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