The elements of the theatrical script they are what make the staging possible. The theatrical script is a written text that allows the actors to know what are the words that they have to pronounce in the play.
The script details to the costume designer what costumes are necessary and to the set designer what the context of the scene is. For the director, the script allows him to unify all these elements with coherence, including his own interpretation.
How a play is written depends on many factors: the audience and the purpose, the scriptwriter's current view of the human condition, and how the writer perceives the truth around him..
Some plays may begin by focusing on an idea, others on a main character. Other scripts are written with the viewer in mind. Whatever the point of view, a play recreates and highlights human experiences.
Refers to the title of the written work.
Example
The life is dream by Pedro Calderón de la Barca, is the name of a play from 1635.
The facts of a play, what happens, make up the plot. The argument must have unity and clarity.
Each action triggers another action. If this movement is not achieved, the action is disconnected from the rest.
The characters involved in the conflict have a pattern of movement: initial conflict, action, climax and resolution.
The plot can present a playful tone if it is a comedy and a more serious tone if the script refers to a tragedy.
Between one extreme and the other there is a great variety of plots and styles, including tragicomedy, which mixes funny and witty elements with other sad and painful ones..
Example
The argument of Bernarda Alba's house (1936) is about a woman who, upon losing her second husband, demands rigorous mourning from her five daughters for eight years. The plot is triggered when Angustias, Bernarda's eldest daughter, inherits a fortune and is courted by Pepe el Romano.
The act is one of the parts in which a play is divided. Each act is made up of pictures and scenes and is characterized by the statement of a problem, the development of a situation or the outcome of the conflict.
When the situation changes, the act changes. The environment in which the act takes place also tends to change, changing the scenery of the stage. In this way it gives the feeling that the actors have moved to another place.
The acts are visually separated by the curtain falling, or the lights are turned off to make way for the next act.
Example
Romeo and Juliet (1597) is divided into five acts. Act I takes place in a square in Verona, where members of two families: the Montagues and the Capulets get into a fight after trying to separate their servants..
It is the basic form of the theatrical structure, a unit of time, space and action. A scene is a rhythmic piece, situation or event; for example, the entry of a new character, even for a moment.
Example
Continuing with the case of Romeo and Juliet, Act I is divided into a series of scenes where various events take place. For example, in scene IV, Romeo Montague sneaks into a party organized by the Capulets, where he discovers that his love, Juliet, is part of his enemy family..
The box is a structure used today, a separate unit. Therefore, a painting is made up of a statement, a development and an outcome itself. It is composed of several scenes.
Example
On Five hours with Mario (1966) there is a soliloquy in which Carmen watches in front of the coffin of Mario, her recently deceased husband. The setting is always the same, so the painting is produced every time Carmen disappears for a few seconds of the scene or a character appears to offer condolences to the widow.
The characters are the people who act in the play and are involved in the plot. Each must have a distinctive personality, age, appearance, beliefs, way of speaking, and sociocultural location..
The types of characters are the main, secondary or environmental. The main characters cannot be replaced by others: without them the story does not exist.
The secondary ones follow in importance to the main ones, they accompany and second them. The environmental characters appear according to the needs of the circumstances of the work.
Example
The play Don Juan Tenorio (1844) has as main characters Don Juan and Doña Inés. Later, other important figures are Don Luis Mejía or Don Gonzalo de Ulloa and, of less importance, Don Diego Tenorio, Marcos Ciutti, Buttarelli or Gastón.
Dialogue is every word that is heard in the play. They are the words that are heard, whether on stage or in off, spoken through an omniscient narrator.
Example
The following dialogue belongs to the work La Celestina (1499), one of the classics of classical theater:
Celestina.- Peace be in this house.
Lucrecia.- Mother Celestina, you are welcome. What brings you to these neighborhoods?
Celestina.- Daughter, my love, the desire of all of you, to bring you Elicia's parcels and to see your ladies, the old woman and the girl..
Lucrecia.- Is that why you left your house? I marvel that this is not your habit, nor do you usually take a step that does not bring you profit.
Celestina.- Do you want more profit, fool, than the one who fulfills my wishes? Old women never lack needs and, since I have to support other people's daughters, I come to sell some yarn.
These are indications that indicate the staging of the characters (entrances, exits, placement on stage), expressions (attitudes, gestures), changes in the scenery, place where actions are performed, etc..
Example
Continuing with the dialogue of La Celestina, we find in it some dimensions such as the following one that is marked in bold.
Alisa.- (From inside the house.) Who are you talking to, Lucrecia?
Lucrecia.- With the old woman with the knife who lived next to the tanneries, the one who perfumes, touches and makes solimanes and has about thirty more jobs. He knows a lot about herbs, heals children and some call him the old lapidary.
Lucrecia.- Tell me her name, if you know it..
LUCRECIA.- I'm ashamed..
They are the verbal expression in the form of dialogue that the characters have, being of three types: dialogue, monologue and apart. They are also played by a third-person narrator..
Example
On Hamlet, prince of Denmark (1609) the famous monologue "to be or not to be, that's the question" of the character Hamlet takes place..
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