Nola pender is an American nurse who developed a health promotion model. The main characteristic of this prevention model is that it emphasizes those preventive measures that people must take to avoid diseases in general..
This model describes the important roles of nurses in helping patients prevent illness through self-care and smart decisions. During her long career, Nola Pender supported and continues to support different organizations related to nursing, contributing her time, service and knowledge..
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Nola Pender was born in the town of Lansing, Michigan state, United States, in 1941. Her parents, who firmly believed in the educational training of women, supported her to continue her studies..
Pender, who always had a great inclination for education and a natural vocation to help people, decided to study nursing.
In 1964 she obtained her Bachelor of Science in Nursing from Michigan State University, then received her Master of Science from the same university. He transferred to Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois, to obtain a Ph.D..
Nola Pender became a nurse therapist. He subsequently began working on his theory, the health promotion model, in 1972. This theory was presented in his book Health promotion in nursing practice, and has been reviewed twice since then.
She is currently married to Albert Pender, a professor and economist from whom she took her last name. The couple have two children and their place of residence is still the state of Michigan..
During his career at Michigan State University for more than 40 years, Pender instructed his students at the undergraduate and graduate levels. Mentioned many postdoctoral fellows.
He also had an active interest in research and conducted many studies on his health promotion model with adolescents and adults..
Together with her research team, Pender developed the "Girls on the Move" program. This studies and measures the results of the intervention through which it seeks to help young people to implement active lifestyles. Simultaneously, the sedentary life model is being fought.
Pender is now an emeritus professor at Michigan State University. Since her retirement as an active teacher, she has been in great demand as a consultant for health research both nationally and internationally..
She also serves as a Distinguished Professor of Nursing at Loyola University School of Nursing in Chicago, Illinois. In addition to the six editions of his book, Pender has written many articles for texts and magazines..
Since 1962 she has been a member of the American Nurses Association. She is the co-founder of the Midwest Nursing Research Society, of which she was president from 1985 to 1987. She has also served as a trustee of their foundation since 2009..
In addition to being a leader of the American Academy of Nursing from 1991 to 1993, he was also a member of the board of directors of the ResearchAmerica organization from 1991 to 1993. In addition, he was a member of the United States Preventive Services Task Force from 1998 to 2002.
The health promotion model was designed by Pender to be a complementary counterpart to the existing health protection models..
It defines health as a positive dynamic state rather than simply the absence of disease. Health promotion is aimed at increasing the level of well-being of the patient, describing the multidimensional nature of people as they interact within their environment to seek well-being.
Pender's model focuses on three areas:
- Individual characteristics and experiences.
- Cognitions and specific behavioral affects.
- Behavioral outcomes.
The theory states that each person has unique personal characteristics and experiences that affect their subsequent actions..
The set of variables for specific knowledge and affect of behavior has an important motivational significance. Variables can be modified through nursing actions.
Health promoting behavior is the desired behavioral outcome. These behaviors should result in better health, better functional capacity, and a better quality of life at all stages of development..
Final behavioral demand is also influenced by demand and immediate competitive preferences, which can derail planned actions to promote well-being..
Personal factors are classified as biological, psychological and sociocultural. These factors are predictive of a given behavior and are guided by the nature of the target behavior being considered..
Biological personal factors include variables such as body mass index for age, aerobic capacity, strength, agility, or balance..
Personal psychological factors include variables such as self-esteem, personal self-evaluation, perception of health status and definition of health.
Socio-cultural personal factors take into account factors such as racial ethnicity, culture, education, and socioeconomic status.
Situational influences are personal and cognitive perceptions that can facilitate or impede behavior. They include the perceptions of the available options, as well as the characteristics of the demand and the aesthetic characteristics of the environment in which the health promotion is proposed..
Within the behavioral outcome there is a commitment to an action plan. It is the concept of intention and identification of a planned strategy that leads to the implementation of health behavior.
Competing lawsuits are those alternative behaviors over which people have control. It happens because there are daily contingencies, such as work responsibilities or family care.
Health promoting behavior is the end result or action aimed at achieving a positive health outcome, optimal wellness, personal fulfillment, and productive life.
In summary, the theory takes into account the importance of the social and cognitive process, as well as the relevance that these have in the behavior of the individual, and how all this affects the promotion of health in the person.
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