The Northeast Mexico It is one of the eight regions in which Mexico is divided and is made up of three states of the country. It is one of the areas with the fewest inhabitants in the nation, only surpassed by the southeast.
The territorial borders of this region are made up of Texas (United States) to the north; Gulf of Mexico to the east; Durango and Chihuahua (which are part of the northwest region) are to the west of the territory; while states such as Veracruz, San Luis de Potosí and Zacatecas border the south.
Its number of inhabitants does not correspond to the breadth of its lands (300 thousand square kilometers of surface), being only the most extensive northwest region in terms of territory.
The ecosystem in this area of the country has been one of the least investigated by local scientists. At a geographical level, its landscapes full of plains stand out.
At the social level, it is one of the most prominent regions of Mexico because the level of poverty is very low and the statistics on illiteracy speak very well of the educational level of the area. It is one of the areas of Mexico with the best communication routes, highlighting its airports, a base point for multiple connections at an international and national level..
Mexico is made up of 31 free and sovereign states and also has a capital entity. In the case of northeastern Mexico, it is made up of three different federal entities: Coahuila, Nuevo León and Tamaulipas. The three states are autonomous and each one has its own laws, municipal distribution and political structure..
The Mexican northeast has changed a lot over the years geographically. At the beginning of the 19th century, the territory was totally different, since they had the lands of Texas, which are currently part of the United States.
On a historical level it is also an area that never had greater relevance. During the process of colonization of the Mexican territory, the Spanish paid little attention to this region.
Of the 31 states in the country, plus Mexico City, Coahuila is the third territory with the largest area. It has 151 thousand square kilometers and is only surpassed by Chihuahua and Sonora.
Its capital is Saltillo and also in the city of the state where the most people live. By 2018, the number of inhabitants of the state was close to three million.
Although it is popularly known only as Coahuila, its official name is Coahuila de Zaragoza. As a border state with Texas, it was a key territory during the time when Texas fought for its independence..
Monterrey is its capital and also the city with the most inhabitants. Founded in 1924, this state has 51 municipalities. Its population is just over five million inhabitants.
It is a state highly recognized for the level of education. It is believed that more than 30% of the people who live in Nuevo León are students, with at least half being university students..
Being a state with great industrial importance, the arrival of people to the federal entity is constant. For example, the majority of immigrants present in the area come from the United States..
The state was founded in 1824 and has 43 municipalities. Its capital is Ciudad Victoria, but the city with the most inhabitants is Reynosa, which has more than 600,000 people..
Its name comes from the Huasteco language, typical of some indigenous communities. In its original version it is written Tamholipa and it is the union between tam (place where) and holipa (pray a lot).
In this state you can find the most important land border points for the country. It is located in Nuevo Laredo and it is estimated that trade in the area moves more than 200 billion dollars a year.
It is considered a highly relevant tourist area and its climate is as diverse as its territorial extension. The altitude in the area is what determines the temperature changes. But each state has its own characteristics.
This state can be divided into two according to the characteristics of its climate. Towards the eastern zone it tends to be drier or semi-dry. While to the west it is very dry.
In areas with higher altitude, properties of temperate climates can be observed. This occurs especially in some places of San Antonio and the mountains that are to the south.
Average temperatures in Coahuila can range between 18 and 22 degrees Celsius. The rains are usually present in the summer season and are estimated between 400 millimeters of water per square meter.
The months of July and August are the hottest in the state. During this time it can reach 30 degrees Celsius. In January colder climates are registered that can drop to 4 degrees.
This federal entity in northeastern Mexico has a climate that is mostly dry. In the plains of the Gulf it is different because their temperatures are typical of sub-humid environments, as in some areas of higher altitude.
It has an average of 20 degrees Celsius throughout the year. Summer (July to August) are the hottest months, where you can experience 32 degrees. While in January it can drop to 5 degrees Celsius.
The level of rainfall is more abundant in this state than in Coahuila. Rainfall during the year can exceed 600 millimeters of water per square meter.
Of the three states that make up the northeastern region of Mexico, the state of Tamaulipas is the one with the highest amount of rainfall. Annually rainfall can reach 800 millimeters per square meter. They are common during the summer season, covering the months of June to September.
In much of the territory of Tamaulipas the climate is warm. This characteristic can be seen in the temperatures, which can be slightly higher than in other states. On average, during the year it reaches 24 degrees Celsius. The lowest figures occur in January and can reach 10 degrees.
On a cultural level, the northeastern Mexican area is well known for its music: the norteña. He was born in the Northeast region and had a great impact on Mexican art.
This music is distinguished by the use of instruments such as the accordion and the sixth bass (which is a string instrument). It is a genre widely listened to in the United States as well and in South American countries such as Chile and Colombia..
Due to its proximity to the United States, American culture has also had a great impact on this region. English is very present in the communities, especially among the younger population.
In the northeast there is the Regional Fund for Culture and the Arts of the Northeast (known by its acronym as FORCAN). This organism is in charge of the creation of plans that allow to promote the cultural activities of the area.
The northeast region has very important cities on a cultural level and with a great variety of museums, monuments and historical information. These proposals have been driven by the tourist importance of cities such as Monterrey, Tampico, Saltillo, among others..
In more rural areas it is common to still find buildings with characteristics of colonial times. On a historical level, references to desert culture refer to the northeast and its lifestyle in the past..
The northeastern region of Mexico is considered a little different from other areas of Mexico economically. It is a territory where urban areas predominate.
It is of great importance in the country for its communication channels. In addition, it has numerous production centers. But where the most money moves is at the border points that serve as the entrance to the United States..
In terms of quality of life, the northeast region is considered one of the best in the country. One point in favor is that the unemployment level is low.
Normally one of the most important activities is at the agricultural level, but in the case of the Northeast region this is not the case. Its development in this branch is very low, since it only has an impact of 6% in this sector at the national level.
One of its strengths in the Mexican economy is in the industrial sector. It is the second most important region in this regard. Without forgetting its impact at the level of communication with other areas of the nation and in the storage of products for both export and domestic consumption..
Its strategic location with several border points to the United States allows the area to receive a large investment from foreign companies..
Of the three states in the region, Coahuila is the one that stands out the most for its industrial production. At the national level and in the Latin American area, this state has become the largest steel producer.
There is an area known as the Comarca Lagunera where you can find the headquarters of the most important companies in the industrial sector.
At a natural level, it is also a privileged area, since the northeastern region of Mexico has a large number of deposits that allow the extraction of all types of minerals. Coal is one of the most important products in the area. For this reason, the northeast has a great impact on the steel and electricity branch.
The state of Coahuila is also the most important in this regard. More than 90% of the coal that has low levels of sulfur and phosphorus is found in this federal entity. It is the most appropriate coal for the subsequent production of other products such as iron and steel.
Each state has its own characteristics regarding the species of vegetation that exist in its territories..
In the case of the state of Coahuila, it is a federal entity in which the presence of plants of the cactus family such as nopal, or of succulents with magueys is common. There are also mesquite trees, especially due to the presence of a dry or semi-warm climate.
As in all cases, height affects the types of species that can occur in each area.
The bushes are plants that occupy a large part of the state of Nuevo León due to its semi-arid climate. In higher altitude areas, forests with cone-shaped plants or oak trees are common..
Tamaulipas presents similar characteristics to the other two states, with scrublands and areas covered with grass. Vegetations typical of semi-arid and humid climates depending on the season and the properties of the terrain.
The fauna of this region has a high level of acclimatization, which is why it is common to see a large number of different species, such as mammals, birds and lizards..
The most representative animals are the black bear (common in the North American area) or rodents such as the prairie dog (similar to marmots).
Nuevo León is, of the three states in the northeast region, the most abundant in terms of biodiversity. Almost half of the nation's birds are found in this area, as well as more than 20% of land mammals..
As in all regions, it is a territory with multiple dishes and with different influences. Coahuila focuses more on meat-based meals with recipes that include cabrito, enchiladas or criadillas (testicles of any animal). In turn, in Tamaulipas it is more common to see some dishes with fish or seafood..
Nuevo León has a broader mix of gastronomic culture due to the presence of Jewish, Spanish and obviously indigenous communities.
Northeast Mexican cuisine is varied, its dishes mix the best of the sea and the land. Fine cuts, enchiladas, kids and stuffed crabs are part of this culinary area.
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