Legal norms are those rules that regulate the behavior of a society, in a given space and time, and that carry legal consequences if they are breached. In this sense, the laws, decrees, mandates, or prescriptions of any judicial or legal authority are part of the legal norms..
The legal order of any society is the set of legal norms established in it, and obeys the way that society understands justice, the way to apply it and the institutions it needs to do it. They are stipulated in national constitutions and in the different codes (criminal, civil, commercial, commercial, etc.).
Legal norms evolve over time, and in this sense, they are susceptible to being changed or repealed. Its main objective is to allow, prohibit or force to comply with certain behaviors, and its non-compliance carries penalties.
In countries where the rule of law exists, justice is exercised by people who have been chosen to make the rules, by people responsible for enforcing them, and by people in charge of administering sanctions when the rules are not followed..
Legal norms apply to all individuals in a country, and ignorance on the part of someone does not absolve him of guilt.
Legal norms obey certain elements and contain at least 5 characteristics, which we will see below.
This means that legal norms are imposed on the individual from outside, from an instance outside of him (for example, the State through its Magna Carta, or the different regulatory codes of behavior in society).
This means that the whole process involves two parties: who must comply with the standard and who must ensure that it is complied with..
In other words, regardless of whether or not we agree with the rules, we are bound by them..
Coercibility is the quality that the rules have of being complied with through the imposition of sanctions. That is, if we do not comply with them, we will receive a punishment.
Although all the norms (religious, social, moral) generate certain sanctions -for example, social repudiation is a consequence of violating social laws-, only legal norms are enforceable from the legal and criminal point of view.
This means that the character with which the legal norms order must be followed by an undetermined number of people (for example, the Spanish population, or Hungarian, Venezuelan, Mexican, Brazilian, etc.).
That is why it is also said that when the legal norm dictates behavior, it does so in an abstract way..
There are several ways in which legal norms can be classified: public or private, mandatory or dispositive norms, depending on whether they are for the whole or for certain classes of people ...
These first two types of norms are classified according to the collective or individual interest, and whether or not they can be modified by the subjects..
They refer to those norms that arise from the collective interest and the common good, govern the entire territory of a country and involve all individuals, without distinction. They are considered general rules that all people must comply with.
These are those that are drawn up by people to govern their agreements, such as contracts.
They are those that, as their name indicates, oblige individuals to observe a certain behavior, regardless of the will of the subjects (for example, we are all obliged to comply with the Constitution).
They are those that prevent or prohibit individuals from doing something (for example, murder is prohibited in any circumstance).
They are those that establish a certain behavior as long as there is no express will to the contrary on the part of the individual.
They are the norms that interpret legal texts, always based on what the law establishes.
They are those that are established for everyone (within a country). For example, civil law laws.
They are those that are dictated for a certain group of people, or legal relationships. Special law rules govern specific behaviors, such as commercial or tax law.
This corresponds to a classification established by the English legal philosopher Herbert Adolphus Hart. Distinguish the norms in primary, secondary and exchange.
For him, the primary norms are those that generally regulate human behavior in its entirety: hence they allow, oblige and prohibit.
The secondary ones are those that attribute faculties or powers, depending on different public and private aspects. That is, they do not create obligations but rather attribute powers.
The norms of change are those that establish the way in which the legal norms can be repealed, partially or totally, how they can be modified or how new norms can be introduced.
Examples of legal norms are the following:
-All citizens are free to practice their religions.
-Actions that discriminate against someone based on sex, skin color or religion are prohibited.
-No woman will have to present pregnancy tests at job interviews.
-All citizens must comply with traffic regulations.
-All people have the right to free movement within the national territory.
-Hiring someone with hours longer than those stipulated by law is prohibited.
-It is forbidden to employ minors.
-Stealing is prohibited.
-Murder is forbidden.
-It is forbidden to kidnap people.
-It is forbidden for a person of legal age to have sexual relations with a person who is underage or who does not have the minimum age established for the consent of this act.
-The sale of alcoholic beverages to those who do not have the minimum age established to purchase them is prohibited..
-Drunk driving is prohibited.
-Illegal distribution of film content is prohibited.
-It is a duty to respect the national symbols.
-It is a duty to comply with traffic laws.
-It is a duty to pay taxes. Evasion of these is a crime.
-It is illegal to attempt or end the life of another individual.
-The theft of databases and confidential information of any individual is prohibited.
-The commercialization of exotic animal and plant species is prohibited.
Social norms.
Moral standards.
Religious norms.
Conventional standards.
Rules of school coexistence.
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