The cell excretion It is the process by which cells expel substances that are no longer useful to them through their membrane. Carbon dioxide, water, and ammonia are the waste substances that cells generally produce. However, according to the type of organism, there are additional substances such as tannins in the case of plants, for example.
The chemical reactions that take place during this process are known as metabolism. Cellular excretion allows organisms to regulate the amount of salts or any other substance that can negatively affect their functioning. It also helps maintain your water balance.
When the substance that the cell expels has some use for the organism, then we speak of cellular secretion..
This process can be given by:
During this process, the water (or the waste liquid) passes through a semi-permeable membrane. The regulation or control of water and salt levels inside cells is called osmoregulation.
It is also the way to control the osmotic pressure of the cell; that is, that the compounds inside the cell are neither too dissolved nor too concentrated so that transport by osmosis can occur.
Osmoregulation reveals its importance when these three conditions are analyzed:
It is worth saying that the cytoplasm is the living and fundamental part of the cell. In it are the nucleus, vacuoles and other components of the same.
It is the process of transporting the substances of the cells from the inside to the outside and vice versa, in order to equalize their magnitudes in terms of density, temperature, etc..
We can speak of simple diffusion when any place on the cell membrane serves for the substance to pass freely through it; while if the participation of a protein in the process is required, to dilute the substance, we speak of a facilitated diffusion.
It is the process of separating substances of different density so that their transport through the cell membrane is possible..
These forms of cellular excretion require certain types of transport of the material to be discarded. Depending on whether the waste goes to the inside or outside of the cell, we speak of:
It occurs when a vacuole is formed with the material to be transported into the cell. There are three types: phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and receptor-mediated endocytosis.
In this case, it is about transporting large particles to the outside of the cell, through vesicles that fuse with the cell membrane and then open to the outside to expel the waste..
Exocytosis can be:
It occurs in cells specialized in secretion, where molecules are released that fulfill certain functions for the body or that affect the physiology of other cells regardless of how far or close they are within the body..
Examples of cells in which regulated exocytosis occurs are glandular cells, hormone-producing cells, and neurons..
It consists of the release of molecules that will form part of the extracellular matrix or will serve to regenerate the cell membrane itself. It is a process that occurs in all cells in a constant way.
The integration between the molecules of the membrane of the vesicles with the plasma membrane, occurs simultaneously with the excretion of the vesicular content that will go to the blood, the interstitial fluid or certain cavities of the body such as the salivary glands.
They are the unicellular organisms responsible for consuming, by endocytosis, those substances discarded by other living beings.
They secrete ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide as part of alcoholic fermentation. They also secrete B-complex vitamins and a compound called ephedrine, used in many cases to treat asthma and some allergies..
Their excretion process occurs by exocytosis, due to the lack of excretory tissues.
Certain aquatic single-celled organisms, such as paramecium, developed contractile vacuoles to get rid of excess water..
As stated at the beginning of this text, waste substances are generally: carbon dioxide, water and ammonia; These substances are used by other organisms for certain vital processes such as:
Aerobic bacteria, algae, and protists secrete carbon dioxide and water, necessary for photosynthesis.
Anaerobic bacteria excrete lactic acid or acetic acid, useful in making yogurt and vinegar.
Yeasts secrete ethyl alcohol, necessary in the production of liqueurs. They also excrete vitamins (of the B complex), necessary to take care of health, as well as the antibiotics secreted by multicellular fungi..
Likewise, there are cells that transform this waste through chemical processes to obtain the energy they require to grow and self-regenerate dead tissues..
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