The complete or morphologic hematology It is an examination of the components of the blood in detail: red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. It is one of the most important studies at the time of diagnosing any disease by the treating physician.
However, the appropriate term would be complete blood count, since hematology refers to science, whereas blood count is the specific and detailed study of characteristics, such as the size, shape and quantity of each of these..
The basis of the hematological laboratory diagnosis is the complete blood count and the review of the peripheral smear. In complete hematology, the following blood components are analyzed:
It is responsible for specifically measuring the solid percentage of the blood. It depends directly on the concentration of red blood cells per mm3.
Indicates the mean corpuscular volume of red blood cells; that is, the average size of each red blood cell.
It is the mean corpuscular hemoglobin. Measures the average amount of hemoglobin in each red blood cell.
From it, the concepts of hypochromia (values below the average), normochromia (contained in the average) and hyperchromia (above the average) emerge..
Mean platelet volume, platelet distribution width, and variation in platelet volume are measured..
Refers to the count of white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets.
Called RBC by their initials in English, they provide the count of the mass of red blood cells.
The concentration count of its reference values is between 4.5 and 5 million per mm3 for men, and between 4 and 4.5 million per mm3 for women..
Identified in the study as WBC for its acronym in English. The analysis is performed on the total of white blood cells and the proportion of each of the subtypes of these.
The white series mainly evaluates the amount of each of its cells present per liter (x109/ L), and the reference values for leukocytes is 4.5 - 11.5 x109/ L.
For the main subtypes, the reference values are between 55% and 70% for neutrophils, and between 17% and 30% for lymphocytes..
Refers to the total platelet mass count.
Plasma is visually examined under a microscope for evidence of hemolysis, lipemia, and jaundice, conditions that can influence studies performed to measure hemoglobin concentration.
These effects must be taken into account when interpreting the results..
This is an estimate of the total protein in plasma, also called total protein..
Protein in plasma is made up of albumin, globulin, and transferrin, among other elements..
A drop of blood is taken and spread on the slide. It is stained with a hematological stain to be able to study the following:
Calculate the proportions of leukocytes in the blood.
Changes in red blood cells, such as variation in the shape or size of red blood cells, hemoglobin content, presence of inclusions, or pattern of arrangement are observed.
Focuses on studying changes in white blood cells.
Changes in the appearance of platelets are observed, including degree of granulation, which is the presence or absence of clumps.
The smear is checked for the presence of infectious agents in the plasma.
Hematological studies provide information of great importance to physicians on the function of the bone marrow and can provide clues or even accurate diagnoses of the presence of a disease; hence the importance of this type of test.
However, hematology tests should always be interpreted in conjunction with the history, clinical symptoms and any other evidence related to the patient and the case to be treated..
That is, do not make the mistake of analyzing the results in isolation, since there are other factors in addition to the disease that can influence the results of hematology tests..
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