The Romance, in the field of poetic creation, it is defined as the fruit of the grouping, usually brief, of verses whose metric count adds up to eight syllables (octosyllabs). In these, the phonetic correspondence is fulfilled in the last vowel of each syllable (rhyme) of those verses whose order agrees with numbers multiples of two, while the rest can dispense with the rhythmic coincidence (they remain "free").
This type of literary composition aims, through the correct use of a series of resources, to decompose an event into its most substantial facts. This is done through a narrative that awakens the reader's feelings..
In general terms the composers of the romances sought to inform, to educate by means of striking stanzas. The thematic range to be developed in the romances is wide, since it is possible to relate from significant events that occurred in a bygone era, to talk with the intention of transmitting the emotions of the writer.
In this style of poetry, the repeated writing of words or expressions predominates in order to create a dramatic atmosphere. The arrangement of words in the same order to achieve the required and desired musicality was key, as was the omission of an explanatory conclusion.
They also have an explanatory simplicity that facilitates their memorization. These are the most outstanding specifications among others that are subject to the types of romances.
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There are various theories that seek to explain the birth of romances. These constitute a dilemma that is based on the lack of certainty about which lyrical compositions of this type arose first: oral or written..
This exposes that the genesis of romantic compositions dates back to the 1400s, when they emerged as an extraction of rhythmic oral narratives about the courageous actions of the heroes of that time.
These narrations were shouted by the so-called "street artists" or "minstrels". These managed to expand them and penetrate in such a way in the inhabitants of the towns, that they made it common for the citizens to take and recite the most interesting paragraphs, or where the greatest amount of emotion was concentrated..
From repeating the fragments that were most pleasant to them, they were transmitted from one person to another, spreading at great speed..
In this way, little by little, the poemillas reached nearby towns, and in the process acquired modifications by those who recited them, becoming works with personal touches and giving rise to the creation of new ones, but of the same kind..
Those who defend this position allege that the first romances took shape from the pen of those cultists who decided to translate their knowledge into poems of collective interest, for their later dissemination..
This theory coincides with the one previously proposed in that it also considers minstrels the means of communication available to poets of those times to be able to disseminate their works..
This represents the agreement between the two previous theories.
Its argument is that the origin of romantic creations is based on the separation of epic narratives in their most important parts by poets, and that it was the minstrels who were dedicated to spreading them.
The only difference that is worth noting is that the fragmentation of the poems is attributed to the street artists.
Despite what these theories exhibit, there are those who say that the romantic genre existed as a written composition before being orally transmitted between settlers..
However, according to research, it is currently believed that it is in the 15th century when the songs of romance go from being part of popular speech to being immortalized on paper.
There are different ways in which it is possible to present a romance. The most common are listed below:
Depending on the way in which the romantic poem was created, it can take the form of old or new: old or new..
They constitute those poetic compositions developed between the years 1400 and 1499.
- Fragmentation of a song of deed.
- Anonymous.
- Its diffusion is through orality.
- Structure that does not fit four-line paragraphs.
They are those made from the 1500s onwards.
- New creation.
- Known Author.
- Its spread is written.
- They are arranged in quatrains.
It refers to the way in which the narrated events are organized, the strophic structures that make up each romance. Among these we have:
It is the one whose story is broken down into different scenes where the characters interact.
- Focuses on the most important moment or peak in history.
- Lacks beginning and ending.
In them the events are presented with the usual structure of a narrative. They deal with the diverse topics of daily life and enjoyed great acceptance among the inhabitants of the provinces.
- The beginning and end of the events are described, they do not focus so much on the intermediate plot.
It is one in which words or sentences constantly repeated abound. Although their composition was extremely simple, due to the use of repetition they were the most learned and disseminated by people..
- Set of verses that is reproduced throughout the poem.
- It repeats interspersed.
The compositions revolve around specific and well-differentiated themes. Between them we have:
It differs from the others in that it recounts events that marked a specific time due to the changes they generated. It is used as a reference by many students of history for touching points or situations that tend to escape the chroniclers of the time.
- They narrate important events.
- It honors the legends or momentous events of a nation.
In this the writer is dedicated to letting feelings lead his imagination and, in turn, his hand. It is closely linked not only to reciprocated love, but also to the melancholy of rejection.
A large part of these compositions deal with the hopelessness and restlessness of denied love, of non-acceptance. These romantic compositions tended to be the most popular together with the moaxajas and their farewell jars..
- Emotions are its foundation.
- They should not necessarily be about love, but rather the events are related from a subjective perspective.
Their main function is to highlight the importance of the feats of the saviors who were part of a nation. These compositions enjoyed great popularity among the inhabitants of the different provinces, as they were considered pieces of great value for the protection of the exploits of the best men of each region..
- Is particularized by relating acts of bravery.
- Its protagonists are the heroes of a nation or people.
In the context of the Castilian language, they are those literary riches that when used help the writing to achieve its communicative or sensitizing purposes. In the case of romances, there are two types that are used in their creation and they are the ones that are exposed below:
They are those that intervene in certain parts of the romance with a modifying purpose in terms of the perception of the writing. They contribute to the position in context of what is described therein. They are explained below:
They are those figurative scenarios that surround the events that make up the narrative, and that are usually natural landscapes. This aspect varies according to the author on duty.
It is like the fingerprint of the poet. Depending on the literary preparation of this, it is the descriptive quality and the contribution.
This resource also includes the time or date in which the event (s) is located. It is worth noting that the setting has served as a historical reference for many scholars to corroborate the veracity of certain events that occurred in those times..
This type of composition is characterized by beginning to relate the activity of some of the characters that are part of it.
They focus on describing the actions of the protagonists and how they affect the rest of those present, generating new events, and complicating the poetic plot until the end..
The most abundant in romantic poems are the following:
Also called alliteration, it corresponds to the repetition of the same sound (a letter or syllable), in order to create auditory pleasant melodies. In addition to the above, they increase the degree of expressiveness.
This particular resource is one of the richest because it allowed a greater memory fixation of the poemillas in the settlers, thanks to its rhythmic properties. Being the people the real one in charge of the propagation and popularization of romances, it gives more weight to the use of phonetic reiteration.
It refers to the repeated appearance of the same grammatical model or organization with a rhythmic objective.
This resource goes hand in hand with phonetic reiteration, it also plays a fundamental role in the memory process. The duplication of strophic structures with words and phrases of easy assimilation contributed to the diffusion of many of the most famous romances..
Through these, the exaltation of the five senses is pursued in the narrative: smell, sight, touch, hearing and taste..
The enhancement of these qualities makes literary creation much more experiential. Whoever recounts, sings or repeats the compositions not only repeats words at random, but is also generating a memory process at the brain level that involves all the receptors that give reason for its existence.
It is a catalyst that adds much greater intensity to the pedagogical-andragogical cognitive fact that in itself implies the creation of these poetic compositions..
It is about that repeated writing of visually close words that is done to highlight some important aspect within the romantic plot.
The greater the number of identical or similar words in terms of sounds, the greater the retention of the poems in the minds of the listeners. It is a very simple and functional resource, not only present in this poetic form, but in the vast majority of lyrical manifestations of the time..
They deal with the use of comparisons, or manifestations of similarity or difference between people, animals or things.
The greater number of associations between the elements that make up structures, beings or things, the easier it is to memorize the poems. People learn more simply with association, neural links emerge more efficiently and effectively.
When the first written romances began to be published, various well-known authors and other anonymous ones also emerged who also undertook their development in this genre. Below are some poems of this style that are preserved today.
"Count Child for loves is
he is a boy and went to sea;
he will give water to his horse
the morning of San Juan.
While the horse drinks
he sings sweet sing;
all the birds of the sky
they stopped to listen,
walker who walks
forget your walk,
navigator who sails
the ship returns there.
The queen was carving,
the sleeping daughter is:
-Get up, Albaniña,
of your sweet fuck,
you will feel beautiful singing
the little mermaid of the sea.
-It's not the little mermaid, mother,
the one of so beautiful to sing,
if not, it is Count Niño
that wants to end for me.
Who could be worth
in his sad sorrow!
-If for your loves, sorry,
Oh, woe to your singing!
and because I never enjoy them
I will send him to kill.
-If you order him to kill, mother,
together they have to bury us.
He died at midnight,
she to the roosters sing;
to her as the daughter of kings
they bury her on the altar,
to him as son of counts
a few steps back.
From her was born a white rosebush,
a hawthorn was born from him;
one grows, the other grows
the two are going to get together;
the twigs that are reached
strong hugs are given,
those that were not reached
they don't stop sighing.
The queen, full of envy,
both were cut off;
the gallant who cut them
I would not stop crying.
A heron was born from her,
from him a strong hawk,
together they fly through the sky,
together they fly peer to peer,
and the hawk said to the heron:
-They will never kill us again.
The two kept flying,
the two together pair by pair,
and promised forever,
that will never be separated again,
and that those hugs,
that never happened,
they will always be given again ".
"River Duero, River Duero,
no one to accompany you down,
no one stops to hear
your eternal stanza of water.
Indifferent or cowardly,
the city turns its back.
He doesn't want to see in your mirror
its toothless wall.
You, old Duero, you smile
between your silver beards,
grinding with your romances
badly achieved harvests.
And among the stone saints
and the magic poplars
you spend carrying in your waves
words of love, words.
Who could like you,
at the same time still and moving,
always sing the same verse,
but with different water.
Douro River, Duero River,
nobody to be with you low,
nobody wants to attend anymore
your eternal forgotten stanza,
but the lovers
who ask for their souls
and sow in your foams
words of love, words ".
"To start the journey
of this city, which already has
name of Ciudad Real,
joined the gallant master
two thousand lucid infants
of his valiant vassals,
and three hundred on horseback
of laymen and friars ... ".
"Who would have such a fortune
on the waters of the sea,
as there was count Arnaldos
the morning of san juan
going hunting
for his falcon to fatten,
saw a galley coming
who wants to get to land
the candles bring silk
torzal gold rigging
anchors have silver
slabs of fine coral
sailor who guide her
saying comes a sing
that the sea calmed down
the winds let go
the birds that are flying
they come to pose to the mast
the fish that walk to the bottom
up makes them walk.
There the infant Arnaldos spoke
well you will hear what he will say
"For your life the sailor
tell me now that song "
The sailor replied
such an answer was to give
"I don't say my song
but who goes with me ".
"When the dawn wakes me up
the memories of other albas
they are reborn in my chest
those that were hopes.
I want to forget the misery
that brings you down, poor Spain,
the fatal beggar
from the desert of your house.
For a moldy crust
you sell, brothers, the entrails
of blood cooked in nap
that serves as your soul.
"You have to live", chorus
of the holy win,
your bitch life dream
yawning always ends.
"Tomorrow will be another day"
and the future is passing you by,
nor does death come to you
that you have not experienced anything
When it comes over you
freedom "God save me!" (…) ".
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