A concentrated solution It is one that contains a large amount of solute in relation to the amount that it could dissolve; while a dilute solution has a low concentration of solute. A dilute solution can be prepared from a concentrated solution by adding solvent to it, or if possible, extracting solute from it..
The concept can be relative, since what defines a concentrated solution are high values in some of its properties; for example, an ice cream meringue has a high concentration of sugar, which is proven by its sweet taste.
The solute concentration of a concentrated solution is close to or equal to that of a saturated solution. The main characteristic of a saturated solution is that it cannot solubilize an additional amount of solute at a certain temperature. Therefore, the concentration of the solute in its saturated solutions remains constant..
The solubility of most solutes increases with increasing temperature. In this way an additional quantity of solute can be solubilized in a saturated solution..
Then as the temperature decreases, the solute concentration of the saturated solution is increased. Talking is this case of a supersaturated solution.
Article index
The concentration of a solution, that is, the relationship between the amount of a solute and the amount of a solution or solvent, can be expressed as a percentage of solute in the solution (P / V or P / P).
It can also be expressed in moles of solute per liter of solution (molarity) and solute equivalents per liter of solution (normality).
Likewise, it is common to express the concentration of a solution in moles of solute per kilogram of the solvent (molality) or to express it in moles of a solute in relation to the total moles of the solution (molar fraction). In dilute solutions it is common to find the concentration of a solution in p.p.m. (parts per million).
Whatever the form of expression of the concentration of a solution, a concentrated solution has a high proportion of the solute, in this case expressed as mass, in relation to the mass or volume of the solution or solvent. This concentration being equal to the solubility of the solute in the solvent or very close to its value..
They are a set of properties of solutions that depends on the number of particles in the solution regardless of their type.
The colligative properties do not discriminate between the characteristics of the particles, whether they are atoms of sodium, chlorine, glucose, etc. The important thing is your number.
Due to this fact, it became necessary to create a different way of expressing the concentration of a solution that is related to the so-called colligative properties. In response to this, the expressions osmolarity and osmolality were created.
Osmolarity is related to the molarity of the solution and osmolality to its molality..
The units of osmolarity are osm / L of solution or mosm / L of solution. While the units of osmolality are osm / kg of water or mosm / kg of water.
Osmolarity = mvg
m = molarity of the solution.
v = number of particles into which a compound dissociates in aqueous solution. For example: for NaCl, v has a value of 2; for CaCltwo, v has a value of 3 and for glucose, an electrolytic compound that does not dissociate, v has a value of 1.
g = osmotic coefficient, correction factor for the interaction of electrically charged particles in solution. This correction factor has a value close to 1 for dilute solutions and tends to zero as the molarity of the electrolyte compound increases..
The colligative properties are mentioned below, which allow determining how much a solution is concentrated.
When the water is heated it evaporates and the steam formed exerts a pressure. As solute is added, the vapor pressure decreases.
Therefore, concentrated solutions have a low vapor pressure. The explanation is that solute molecules displace water molecules at the water-air interface..
As the osmolarity of a solution increases, the temperature at which the aqueous solution freezes decreases. If the freezing temperature of pure water is 0º C, the freezing temperature of a concentrated aqueous solution becomes lower than that value..
According to Raoult's Law, the elevation of the boiling point of the pure solvent is directly proportional to the molarity of the solution that originates from the addition of solute. Therefore, concentrated solutions have a higher boiling point than water..
There are two compartments with different concentrations, separated by a membrane that allows water to pass through, but restricts the passage of solute particles..
The water will flow from the solution with the lowest concentration of solute to the solution with the highest concentration of solute..
This net flow of water will gradually disappear as the accumulated water in the compartment with the highest concentration generates a hydrostatic pressure that opposes the flow of water into this compartment..
The flow of water by osmosis generally occurs towards concentrated solutions.
-Concentrated solutions have a high proportion of solute in relation to the volume or mass of the solution. Diluted solutions have a low proportion of solute in relation to the volume or mass of the solution.
-They have a higher molarity, molality and normality than those of diluted solutions.
-The freezing point of concentrated solutions is lower than that of dilute solutions; that is, they freeze at colder temperatures.
-A concentrated solution has lower vapor pressure than a dilute solution.
-Concentrated solutions have a higher boiling point than dilute solutions.
-Put in contact through a semi-permeable membrane, the water will flow from the dilute solutions to the concentrated solutions..
-Honey is a saturated solution of sugar. It is common to observe the occurrence of the recrystallization of sugar, evidenced in the lids of the containers that contain the honey.
-Seawater that has a high concentration of various salts.
-Urine from people with severe dehydration.
-Carbonated water is a saturated solution of carbon dioxide.
-Urine from a person with excessive water intake.
-Sweat is usually of low osmolarity.
-Many drugs given in solution form have a low concentration.
Yet No Comments