The acellomates They are animals that lack a cavity inside the body and their organs are supported by a set of cells called mesenchyme..
In the group corresponding to eumetazoan animals that present bilateral symmetry, there is a classification that groups them according to the characteristics of the internal body cavity into: acellomates, pseudocoelomates and coelomates..
These three groups described have no taxonomic value and are only used to describe a specific body plan model. This body cavity, called coelom, is completely surrounded by mesoderm, remembering that triblastic animals have three germ layers called ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm.
Note that in the case of diblastic animals (such as cnidarians) they have only two germ layers and therefore there is no coelom. However, this group is not considered part of the acellomates since the term applies exclusively to animals that have a mesoderm.
The animals that conform to the body plan of an acellomate are flatworms (from the Greek platys which means "flat" and helmis "worm"). To this phylum belong a series of vermiform animals - which means that they resemble a worm in their shape - with a defined anterior end on a head and include free-living and parasitic species.
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The acellomates comprise a simple animal group with bilateral symmetry characterized mainly by the absence of the coelom.
A typical cellulose organism does not have a digestive cavity, but instead has an intestinal cavity surrounded by a mass of tissue derived from endoderm and a mass of tissue derived from mesoderm. In addition, they may have cilia in the epithelium.
In contrast, a coelominated animal exhibits an intestinal cavity surrounded by a layer of mesodermal cells, occupied by fluid..
In later lineages to flatworms, the coelom begins to develop, where the liquid present cushions the organs preventing any type of injury. In addition, said liquid present in the coelom is not compressed and for this reason it can fulfill the role of a hydrostatic skeleton..
According to phylogenetic analyzes, true coeloms and pseudocoeloms have been acquired and lost multiple times in the course of animal evolution..
The acellomed organisms belong to the group of animals with the shapes of worms. Currently, there are two phylum of animals without a coelom: the phylum Acoelomorpha and the phylum Platyhelminthes..
Organisms belonging to the Phylum Platyhelminthes are commonly known as flatworms. They measure approximately one millimeter, although some species can reach lengths greater than one meter. They can inhabit marine environments, fresh waters and humid terrestrial areas.
The Phylum is divided into four classes: Turbellaria, Trematoda, Monogenea, and Cestoda. The peat bogs are free-living and all the members of the three remaining classes are parasites..
Among the forms of free life we find the famous planaria and in parasitic individuals, flukes and tapeworms stand out. Free-living individuals present a ciliated epidermis, in contrast to a syncytial integument that covers the parasitic forms..
The muscular system is mainly of mesodermal origin and the circulatory, respiratory and skeletal systems are absent. Some forms have lymphatic channels and an excretory system with protonephridiums.
Members of the phylum Acoelomorpha were in the class Turbellaria within the phylum Platyhelminthes. Now, two orders of the Bogs, Acoela and Nemertodermatida, are present as two subgroups in the phylum Acoelomorpha.
This phylum includes approximately 350 species of small worm-shaped organisms, less than 5 mm in length. They live in marine environments, locating in sediments or in pelagic regions, although some species have been reported living in brackish water..
Most are free-living, although there are some species that live as parasites of other organisms. They present a cellular epidermis with cilium, which form an interconnected network. They do not have a respiratory or excretory system.
An important difference between Acoelomorpha and Platyhelminthes is the presence of only four or five genes Hox in the first group, while flatworms have seven or eight. These genes control the specific pattern of body structures.
Organisms of the genus Planaria they are the typical flatworms of the Turbellaria class. They are characterized by having cilia on the body surface that helps them create a "turbulence" in the water while they move and from there comes the name of the group.
Planaria It is a genus of carnivorous individuals with nocturnal habits capable of feeding on small worms or crustaceans, although they can consume larger dead animals. They generally live in freshwater ponds or ponds and are easy to find under rocks..
They have a central nervous system, a pair of simple eyes, and chemoreceptors in the lateral lobes..
Regarding their reproduction, they are hermaphrodites (the same individual has male and female sexual organs). However, cross fertilization can occur and they can also reproduce asexually where one organism divides in half and each part develops a new organism..
It is a parasite with a cosmopolitan distribution and is the causal agent of distomatosis or fasciolosis in animals with herbivorous trophic habits..
They are flattened organisms of about 2 to 3 cm long and one wide, in the form of leaves and their color is light brown. They have anterior suction cups, one located on the dorsal side and the other on the ventral side..
The adult forms are located in the bile ducts of cattle (very rarely in man). The eggs pass into the feces and a larva with cilia emerges in the body of fresh water..
The larva swims until it finds the snail of the genus Limnaea and lodges in your digestive glands. Here the larva undergoes a transformation from its state of sporocysts to redias, although under adverse conditions they give rise to cercariae, which are ingested by mammals..
There are other species among the acellomates of medical importance for both humans and animals, such as Schistosoma mansoni, Paragonimus kellicotti, Hymenolepis nana Y Echinococcus granulosus.
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