Bordetella bronchiseptica it is a gram negative bacterium that is pathogenic in some mammals such as dogs, cats, rabbits and pigs. It is a bacterium that to develop optimally requires temperatures around 35 ° C, aerobic conditions and relative humidity. They take about 4 days to develop.
In humans, this bacterium does not cause any pathology under normal conditions. However, in people whose immune system is weakened, they can cause diseases such as pneumonia.
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Bordetella bronchiseptica it is a gram negative bacteria. When subjected to the gram staining process, it acquires the typical fuchsia coloration of gram negatives. This is because its peptidoglycan cell wall is very thin, so it does not retain particles of the gram dye..
This bacteria is strict aerobic. To develop it requires being in an environment with a wide availability of oxygen. They perform aerobic cellular respiration, through which they can catabolize carbohydrates and obtain energy from various amino acids.
Another of the enzymes that synthesizes Bordetella bronchiseptica is urease. This enzyme is responsible for catalyzing the reaction by which the urea molecule undergoes hydrolysis, obtaining at the end of the process as ammonium products (NH4) and carbon dioxide (COtwo). It is also a crucial element for the identification of this bacterium..
Bordetella bronchiseptica it has the ability to synthesize the enzyme catalase. This enzyme has the function of unfolding the hydrogen peroxide molecule (HtwoORtwo) in water (HtwoO) and oxygen. It is one of the characteristic elements that are taken into account when making a differential diagnosis.
This bacterium synthesizes some of the enzymes of the group of cytochrome c oxidase. These enzymes allow you to use oxygen in an electron transport chain for energy.
The bacteria Bordetella bronchiseptica it does not have the ability to degrade the amino acid tryptophan to obtain indole. This is because it does not synthesize tryptophanase enzymes..
Bordetella bronchiseptica It is capable of reducing nitrates to nitrites, through the action of the enzyme nitrate reductase, also obtaining as a product in the reaction water.
Does not ferment carbohydrates
This bacterium does not carry out carbohydrate fermentation. This implies that they cannot synthesize organic compounds from carbohydrates such as glucose or lactose..
Bordetella bronchiseptica it is a bacterium that presents pleomorphism. This means that two types of shapes can be observed in individuals of the same species. In the case of this bacterium, there are specimens that have an elongated rod shape, a bacillus, while there are others that have a rounded shape, that is, cocci. They have approximate measurements of between 0.3 and 0.5 microns in diameter and length between 1.3 and 2 microns..
This bacterium is characterized by having a capsule that surrounds the bacterial cell. It also presents on the surface some extensions that are called flagella, which are perimeter.
Peritric flagella are those that are arranged over the entire cell surface, surrounding the bacteria. Likewise, these flagella provide mobility, so this is a mobile bacterium.
Its cell wall is made up of five layers. Its cell membrane is trilaminar and in the cytoplasm a large number of ribosomes can be observed that are embedded in the cytoplasmic matrix. The genetic material of the bacterium is represented by networks of DNA fibers and very dense indefinite bodies..
When this bacterium is cultivated in the laboratory, the morphology of the colonies it forms depends on the culture medium in which it is grown. If it is on Mac Conkey agar, the colonies are very small and colorless. On the contrary, if the culture medium is blood agar, the colonies that develop adopt a grayish color, are circular and very small, like "dewdrop"..
Bordetella bronchiseptica it is a pathogenic bacterium that almost exclusively attacks certain domestic animals, such as dogs and cats, as well as other animals such as pigs, rabbits and even poultry.
In humans it is extremely rare. The cases that have been reported of infection in humans by this bacterium have been very isolated and have only occurred in immunocompromised individuals..
Few cases have been reported, all in people with weakened immune systems, such as those infected with the human immunodeficiency virus or suffering from some type of neoplasia.
Until recently, specialists believed that to become infected with this bacterium it was necessary to have pets. However, a large percentage of the cases that have occurred are in people who have not had contact with animals that normally have the bacteria. In such a way that the way in which they have acquired the bacteria is still under study.
The symptoms are similar to those of pneumonia caused by other infectious agents:
Treatment is the same as for pneumonia caused by other bacteria. These include penicillin, amoxicillin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, azithromycin, and clarithromycin..
It is also known as kennel cough. The causative agent is mainly bacteria Bordetella bronchiseptica, although it is also caused by other microorganisms such as the distemper virus and the canine parainfluenza virus. It is important to note that it is an extremely contagious disease.
The bacteria enter the respiratory tract and there it produces inflammatory lesions at the level of the bronchioles. The clinical picture lasts approximately between 3 and 8 days..
In general, dogs do not require special treatment, they recover on their own. It is a self-limited disease that does not require further care, unless there are complications due to secondary infection of the lesions caused..
Atrophic rhinitis, more than a disease, is considered a condition, through which those that line the nostrils of pigs become chronically inflamed. The main cause is toxins produced by bacteria such as Bordetella bronchiseptica.
When an animal with this pathology is detected, it must be separated from the rest of the animals. In this way contagion is avoided.
Now, taking into account that the causative agent of the disease is a bacterium, the drugs to be used are antibiotics. The most used are the following: penicillin, streptomycin, amoxicillin, oxytetracycline, enrofloxacin, tylosin and lincomycin.
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