The contrast connectors they are those that link - semantically and pragmatically - a member of the discourse with another previous member in an oppositional relationship. As is common for all connectors, the meaning of these give instructions that guide the inferences that are obtained from the related elements.
Likewise, its use helps to enrich the discourse, giving it variety and a certain sophistication. In addition, it allows the expansion of the symbolic world enclosed in the texts. This is seen in sentences like: Rafael is fat but he runs fast Y TOAlthough the child was tired, he did not withdraw from the competition.
On the other hand, contrast connectors - or adversaries - are used in both oral and written speeches. The most used are adversative conjunctions (contrariety or opposition conjunctions).
In general, they are used to express concessions, restrictions and exclusions that provide contextual significance to discursive ideas..
It should be noted that its main function is linked to two vital activities of the verbal communication process. The first is the argumentative activity in which the coherence of the statements is important.
Meanwhile, the second is the way to order the speech. This is related to the structural support of what is said and the way it is said.
Article index
In general, two classes of contrast connectors are distinguished. Restrictive connectors belong to the first class. In these, the fact expressed in the preceding proposition or propositions is not denied. In the sentence Rafaela was very young, but had extensive work experience you can see this particularity.
Meanwhile, when exclusive connectors are used, this negation does occur. This can be seen in: She was not silent; rather well, talked to each of the people who were there.
On the other hand, contrast connectors can indicate an opposing relationship of different elements within a sentence. This is the case of: It's not hers, otherwise of the.
But they can also establish the relationship between independent sentences. For example: I did not have much money. Nevertheless, I bought the best perfumes.
The contrast or opposition between two linguistic units that is made by contrast connectors can have a great variety of uses. Among them the following can be mentioned:
-Contrast of two sentences in which two facts are stated. Although these are contrary, both are reaffirmed without eliminating either of them. These can convey the idea of something unexpected and surprising that differs from the above: However, Nevertheless Y Conversely.
-Opposition of two discursive entities with elimination of one of them. In these cases, one of the sentences is denied in order to affirm the other. In this line is the contrast connector rather well.
-Pure opposition between the contents of both sentences. Under these conditions, the relationship between the sentences is of the concessive type (the impossibility of fulfilling what has been expressed is expressed). Within this class are even if, despite Y although, among others.
"Approaching the concept of economic development according to a given theoretical framework often generates great controversies. Instead, when it is approached from the point of view of real life, it is possible to better understand its integral nature, relativity and complexity… ”(Change and growth in Latin America, 1988-1998 de Iglesias, 1999)
“No matter how old you are, if you expected life to be easier, forget about it. It might be a surprise, but life is difficult for everyone and your life will not be free of difficulties, no matter how talented you are or how rich you become. " (101 Things you already know, but always forget from Zelinski, 2018)
“… When we know that one of the problems that life presents us has a solution, it motivates us to have the goal of solving it. However, it doesn't take long for a person with diabetes to understand that diabetes has no cure and that it is for life. " (Diabetes without problems de Suárez, 2015)
“Adult education is currently one of the most dynamic fields of social education. However, it cannot be ignored that its limits with formal education are sometimes somewhat blurred, especially when it comes to activities of an academic nature. " (Genesis of social education in Europe by Carreño, 2015)
“The formation of gametes has a great difference between males and females. Sperm are produced continuously throughout the fertile life of the male, so sperm production is continuous, let's say there is always a fresh harvest ready to go.
The females, Conversely, They have a peculiarity: all the cell divisions that are going to give rise to the ovules during their entire fertile life occur in the female fetus during the third month of gestation and stop just before the conclusion of the last division to give rise to the mature ovum and thus they will be detained until the arrival of sexual maturity ”. (Destined by chance by Jiménez Sánchez, 2014)
“It was perhaps that slow cooking that made me overlook what might be obvious to an outside observer (to you, for example): not only is the writing as extensive as the Republic, but ultimately it touches all the themes of that great and celebrated model.
But do not believe that it is an exercise in archaism in what follows. Rather well, as you will soon notice if you read on, his references are decidedly modern. " (Dialogue on the good of Leal Carretero, 2007)
"In the case of the complaint, rumination and criticism syndrome, the prescription of temporary displacement is a maneuver that is effective. Yes OK there are points of agreement between the three attitudes, the three are synergized, that is to say […] they maintain a close union and strengthen each other. " (If you want to see, learn to act from Ceberio and Watzlawick, 2010).
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