Mesopotamia was located between present-day Iraq and a part of Syria. The name Mesopotamia means land between two rivers, because it was located between the Euphrates River and the Tigris River, which cross the entire territory of Iraq and Syria..
Mesopotamia was part of the so-called fertile crescent, which is a territory larger than that occupied by the Mesopotamian civilization. This area goes from Egypt, passing through Jordan, Syria and Iraq, where the rivers Nile and the river Jordan joined..
As it is a highly fertile soil and the territory was shaped like a crescent, it was named after this form of a fertile crescent..
The main peoples that made life in Mesopotamia were the Sumerians, the Akkadians, the Assyrians, the Babylonians, the Chaldeans or Neo-Babylonians and the Persians.
Each town had dominion for certain periods of time in this area and over the other towns..
The main dispute within the different inhabitants of this region was for the water of these great rivers of the fertile growing.
This entire area is divided into two: Upper Mesopotamia and Lower Mesopotamia. In the upper part were cities such as Asur, Uruartu, Hurritas and Mitanni, located more towards the part of what is now known as Syria and northern Iraq.
The Assyrian people were settled in this region. In the lower part of Mesopotamia there were cities like Sumer, Elam, Uruk, Acad and Babylon, where the Sumerian and Babylonian peoples were settled..
The importance of the rivers for this territory was very high, because it helped them in planting crops and was their means of transportation between each of these cities..
The first people to dominate Mesopotamia were the Sumerians. The main characteristic of this town was its decentralized government, that is, the cities that made them up were autonomous and independent..
They also began to develop the first vestiges of writing, and were more inclined to science and studies.
After the Sumerians, the Akkadians ruled Mesopotamia and thus created the first empire in the region, because they dominated and unified all the city-states.
After the fall of the Akkadian empire, the Babylonian empire was established for more than 300 years. This period was marked by a new resurgence of science and knowledge.
With the defeat of the Babylonians, the most warlike peoples called Assyrians, came to dominate this entire region.
Later, the Neo-Babylonians who ruled until the Persians came to dominate Mesopotamia reappear.
Within history the famous hanging gardens of Babylon are known, located within the seven wonders of the ancient world, and the well-known tower of Babel, which if it existed, would be in Babylon.
Historians believe that the hanging gardens were built as a gift to King Octavian VI from his wife.
The gardens were highlighted by the windows and balconies of the royal palace, and were located near the Euphrates River, from where water was taken to irrigate it..
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