The homograph words They are those that present an exact match in terms of their writing. To differentiate one from the other, it is necessary to resort to context. This should not be confused with the phenomenon of polysemy - the ability of each word to have several related meanings - as they are different words.
Thus, in the sentences "you saw that I brought a coffee" and "She wears a brown suit" both phenomena occur. “Viste” (verb form of seeing) and “viste” (verb form of seeing) are homographs. The same happens with "suit" (verb form of bringing) and "suit" (garment). Instead, "coffee" is the same word (the drink and the color of this drink).
The term comes from the Greek homós (equal) and graphé (writing). In some languages, such as English, even if they have the same spelling, they can have different pronunciation. Thus, they can be homograph words, but not homophones (same pronunciation). In any case, both are known as homonymous words..
According to experts, Spanish has a multiplicity of homograph words due to differences in language forms between continents. Thus, a certain word has a particular meaning in peninsular Spanish and another in South American Spanish..
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The phenomenon of homography occurs in most languages. For example, in the English language, lead (/ liːd /) and lead (/ lɛd /) mean lead and lead, respectively.
It is then observed that they are homograph words, but not homophones. The same happens with wind (/ wind /) and wind (/ waɪnd /). The first translates wind and the other wind.
As for French, there are also homographs such as the word page (page) and page (page) or mode (grammatical mode or fashion).
The accents, in many cases, are what make the difference: cote (quoted value, rating) and côte (coast), cura (treatment) and curé (priest) or pécheur (sinner) and pêcheur (fisherman).
On the other hand, as mentioned above, all homograph words in Spanish are homophones. However, this is not necessarily true in the reverse direction. Some words are pronounced the same, but have different spellings.
Such is the case, for example, of "haya" (verbal form of haber) and "aya" (person who takes care of and takes care of children) or of "cup" (container for drinking) and "rate" (relationship between two magnitudes).
Homograph words are an important source of lexical ambiguity as they have different conceptual representations. Context plays a critical role in restricting and selecting the most appropriate meaning of such words..
For example, to interpret the word "river" in the sentence: "Every time you visit me, I laugh at your occurrences", you must use the context to inhibit the inappropriate dominant meaning (body of water) and select the subordinate meaning contextually appropriate (act of laughing).
As already seen in the case of French, the orthographic accent can be used to distinguish one word from another. In Spanish, many monosyllabic homographs / homophones have this particularity: de (preposition) and dé (verb form of giving), mi (possessive pronoun) and me (personal pronoun) or mas (but) and more (adverb of quantity).
In addition, there are pairs of words that are only distinguished by the prosodic accent (greater prominence or charge in the pronunciation of a syllable). The diacritical accent serves to show these semantic differentiations: meat / card, cesar / caesar and Lucio / lució.
"My sacrifice would be a useless sacrifice, because you are alive ... But I would give my life for the salvation of the country ... and I would give my life and all my blood, drop by drop, to achieve the resurrection of Avoid”. (On Evita's meat, by Daniel Guebel, 2012)
“So it happens with this soul: she is love, and love reigns in her, powerful and sovereign, in action and in repose, in what she undertakes or in what avoid to do, in exterior and interior things, according to his will ”. (On The Inner Look: Mystical and Visionary Writers in the Middle Ages by Victoria Cirlot and Blanca Garí, 2008)
"Once it has been decided how much to invest in each type of asset and a capital to invest in the stock market, it is when you have to decide how to do it ”. (In 30 actions to invest in the stock market in 2017 by José Poal and Francisco López, 2016).
“… In the face of this 'high politics'… it quickly found its trigger in the treatment of an issue that had already been extremely irritating in the past decade: the appointment of Capital of the Republic". (In The Republic of Opinion: Politics and Public Opinion in Buenos Aires between 1852 and 1862 by Alberto Rodolfo Lettieri, 1998)
"The candle that we know today only began to be used in the Middle Ages, a time when people with limited resources made it with tallow (fat from oxen or lambs). These candles generated a lot of smoke… ”. (On The candle book by Fabián León and María Eugenia Rossi, 2000)
"By releasing the candle, it is advisable not to take it to the extreme maximum wind. This will allow all the components of the sail (seams, fibers) to be placed and fit evenly with each other ”. (In Sailing on a skateboard, by Ricard Pedreira, 2007)
“We won't toast, but we pour ourselves a glass of wine. The cup has its own voice. Ask for a dash of burgundy. The wine fall into it as we would like to fall, loose and determined, into someone's arms ”. (In Forgive our pleasures, by Sandra Russo, 2006)
"And she would also be proud of you for being such a loving and protective father to us ..." she exclaimed, smiling, immediately changing the subject. By the way, Don Jorge wine early to let you know that your shipment would arrive tomorrow ”. (On The harvest festival by José Luis Vázquez, 2017)
“… Young Spanish journalist living in Rome and director of Rome's report, the news agency that supplies all the world media with Vatican news and the Dad, He tells us about Francisco ”. (On The Pope of Mercy by Javier Martínez-Brocal, 2015)
“… On the north coast of Peru, the Mochica culture had already established a relationship between the dad and the supernatural world. This can be seen in its ceramics… ”. (In The potato: treasure of the Andes: from agriculture to culture, by Christine Graves, 2000)
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