The developed countries they are sovereign states that have a developed economy, technological infrastructure and human rights compared to other countries. These countries have high levels of industrialization, GDP (gross domestic product), GNP (gross national product), per capita income and good levels of quality of life.
There are also other aspects to take into account to define a developed country; stable political situation, government by democracy, low levels of corruption and absence of armed conflicts and violence, among other components.
On the other hand, the social context is evaluated according to classic statistics, such as life expectancy at birth, quality of life, social equity, gender equality, percentage of the population living in poverty or the average number of years of schooling. Of the inhabitants.
The main developed countries include the Netherlands, the United States, Norway, Switzerland, Germany, Canada, Australia, Germany, France, the United Kingdom, New Zealand, among others..
The United Nations Organization, through its development program, publishes the HDI (Human Development Index) annually. This value considers not only the economic environment of the countries, but also access to health and education, and other determining factors to measure the quality of life of the inhabitants of a country.
From the HDI it is possible to determine which countries can be categorized as developed and which are in the process of becoming so. According to 2019 data, the country that heads the list of the most developed in the world is Norway, which has an HDI of 0.944.
Those countries that depend almost entirely on agriculture (mostly in an artisanal way) are not considered developed. On the other hand, a country with a high level of development has a large and stable industrial structure that allows it to have abundant resources.
The more industrialized a country is, the more likely it is to be competitive in foreign trade. If a nation manages to have a balanced and favorable dynamics in terms of trade, it will be able to obtain prosperous dividends.
The trade balance represents the difference between imports and exports of each country. It provides us with information on the commercial flows of each one. A country will be more developed to the extent that it has a balanced or profitable trade balance.
This will happen when the level of exports is equal to or higher (surplus) than the level of imports. Otherwise there will be a deficit, that is, more is imported than is exported. On the other hand, it will be necessary to observe the commercial and financial agreements in which each country is a member..
One of the data that allows knowing the economic development of a country is the per capita income. This data is obtained from the division of gross domestic product (GDP) by the number of inhabitants of a given country.
A developed country is considered one whose inhabitants have a per capital income of at least $ 22,000.
A corrupt scenario implies the management of a social crisis, which sooner rather than later can generate social outbursts that generate instability in the country. Therefore, a system with little corruption is essential for the construction of optimal trading conditions..
In addition, having a solid legal structure and an anti-corruption approach implies more possibilities for social and economic development for the country's inhabitants alike, who are capable of having confidence in the institutions. More corruption, less democratization and less stability.
A slightly corrupt country is a stable nation, and a scenario of political stability is essential for the industrial and economic spheres to be able to develop fully..
There are several factors that are related to the stability of a country, and there is an index that covers a large part of these elements. This is the WGI (World Governance Indicator, o World Governance Indicator).
Among the elements considered by the WGI are the absence of violence, the quality of the comptroller's structures, respect for the laws, control of corruption and the efficiency of the government apparatus..
In developed countries there must be an efficient and constant supply of water, electricity, gas, telephone and internet service, cleaning services and access to housing.
If these conditions are not met, the inhabitants of a country will not be able to concentrate their efforts on developing culturally, economically and educationally..
In general, developed countries invest heavily in education. In some countries it is fully subsidized, and in many others there are scholarship programs and other facilities that allow the entire community to be academically trained.
Given that the educational field is widely developed, developed countries are usually scenarios of world novelties in the areas of technology, computing, art and knowledge in general, which allows them to project themselves as avant-garde nations.
Since 1990, the United Nations Development Program (PDNU) has developed the human development index (HDI). This renowned report takes into account 3 dimensions of human life -health, education and income- on which it elaborates an index that concentrates developed countries in their first positions.
For some years now, the HDI has considered other values to understand human development in an integral way. The level of equity between the different social classes and between both sexes is measured.
The percentage of empowered women in society is also investigated and the extent of poverty among the inhabitants is analyzed, taking into account its multiple dimensions..
Developed countries have been leaders at an economic and industrial level, but also in terms of environmental pollution. Although the most advanced economies are the ones that pollute the most, in recent decades agreements in the international community and pressure from different groups of activists have changed the situation..
Norway is located in Northern Europe and in 2019 it is considered the most developed country in the world. Norway's average per capita salary is $ 65,000, the highest on the planet.
This country is an oil exporter and its economic dynamics is divided between private investment and a strong monetary injection by the State.
Furthermore, corruption in Norway has reached very close to 0%. There is broad respect among political parties and towards government institutions, and the state guarantees both basic services and education.
In Denmark one of the strengths is agriculture because it is highly industrialized. This has allowed it to be very efficient in production and exports the large surplus it generates..
According to data from the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, more than 73% of Danes work in the service area of this country; 3.7% is dedicated to fishing and agriculture, and 23% to the areas of construction and industry.
There is efficient trade between Denmark and other countries: imports correspond to 37% of gross domestic product, while exports correspond to 43%.
More than 18 million inhabitants live in the Netherlands and the per capita income of the Dutch is close to 45,000 euros. It is located in position number 36 out of a total of 190 countries in the list of nations with the most facilities to carry out business.
Regarding corruption, the Netherlands is one of the countries with the lowest levels in the world; This is indicated by the Corruption Perception Index related to the public sphere of the Netherlands that was published in 2019.
Almost 84 million people live in Germany, a country with an area of almost 360,000 square kilometers.
The per capita GDP of Germans is around 40,000 euros and this nation is considered the country with the lowest level of unemployment in the world (barely 3.1%). It has low levels of corruption and presents favorable scenarios for doing business.
Switzerland is a country with high levels of exports. Among the main elements that it trades with other countries are pharmaceutical and chemical products, machinery and electronic products, and watches. Most of Switzerland's foreign trade is generated within the European Union.
Small and medium-sized companies are very important for Swiss economic development and have a high-level workforce. On the other hand, taxes are very low and recycling processes allow up to 95% of its resources to be used..
It is the second largest country in the world and it is also a major exporter. The main export products include oil, forest products, metals and minerals. The United States is the country with which Canada has the largest trade exchange.
According to the International Monetary Fund, Canada's gross domestic product will continue to rise in 2019: it is estimated to increase by 2%.
In 2018 Canada had the lowest unemployment rate in its history (5.6%); in 2019 it increased to 6.1%. Relative to per capita gross domestic product, Canadians receive on average about $ 49,000.
About 330 million people live in the United States. It is the most populated nation and also the most indebted in the world, since it has a debt that corresponds to 104% of the gross domestic product. However, it has a high GDP level, which makes it one of the most prosperous economies in the world..
Among the most important production sectors in the United States are agriculture, the production of machinery and cars, the food market and the real estate field. Internally, the main economic sector in this country is services.
It is among the nations with the smallest surface area in the world (1,110 square kilometers) and has almost 8 million inhabitants.
Hong Kong people are the least indebted on the planet and perceive low levels of corruption. The country presents favorable scenarios for conducting business and the per capita income is around 41,000 euros.
It is in position number 10 of the list of countries considered commercial powers and many scholars consider it as the model of economic liberalism par excellence.
It is a country with a high dependence on international trade and with favorable scenarios for business. According to the International Monetary Fund, inflation in 2019 is expected to be around 1.4%.
The stability of the Singaporean government has to do with the high confidence towards the ruling party and the little opposition that exists. Among the development measures offered to its inhabitants are the creation of scholarships for academic training and bonuses for taxes related to goods and services..
These islands are inhabited by about 98,000 people. Its main economic source is tourism, which corresponds to 70% of the gross domestic product..
The second economic activity in the Seychelles is fishing. It is very abundant, it is industrially executed and has made the country one of the leaders in this field. Thanks to this, it is the largest exporter of shrimp and tuna in the region..
In terms of imports, the Seychelles import most of the food they consume, as well as petroleum derivatives.
It is home to a little more than 1,200,000 inhabitants and its main export product is textiles. His regular customers are the United Kingdom, the United States and France..
In 2017, Mauritius had a per capita income of $ 22,000, one of the highest in Africa. It gained its independence in 1968 and since then has grown steadily..
As we have already seen, developed countries are characterized by offering high levels of quality of life to their inhabitants..
On the other hand, underdeveloped countries are those whose living conditions are not considered of high quality, especially in terms of security and access to essential goods and services..
Despite the fact that in many developed countries the agricultural sector is quite worked, they do not depend only on it; Thanks to this, they can expand their activities and generate income from other sectors that provide greater stability..
On the other hand, underdeveloped countries tend to depend entirely on the agricultural sectors, especially in a very traditional way, which prevents their development from covering areas that provide greater profitability..
Both per capita income and the HDI that we have explained above are high in developed countries. This translates into better economic conditions for its inhabitants..
In underdeveloped countries these values are usually low or very low. Due to this, the majority of the country's inhabitants find it difficult to develop under these precarious conditions; This results in greater poverty and less development for the region..
In developed countries, the industry sector is constantly growing and in many cases represents one of the pillars of the national economy..
The nature of these industries can be very varied, and can also include agriculture, livestock or fishing, among others. These are very well structured systems that allow to increase the effectiveness of production.
In contrast, developed countries tend to have little or no industrial development. In many cases the production is rather artisanal and cannot compete in international trade. In addition, these countries tend to be more importers than exporters, so national production is very low..
Highly developed countries have higher life expectancies than those of underdeveloped countries.
This factor is influenced by various elements, such as individual security, timely access to the health system, the quality conditions of said health system, infant mortality rates and the economic and health situation related to the elderly, among others. other conditions.
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