A information system is a set of interrelated elements that collect, store, process and display information to support coordination, control and decision making in an organization.
It also helps to visualize complex issues, analyze a problem, and create new services and products. Therefore, it is the study of the networks that people and companies use to collect, process and deliver data..
The data are only facts as such, they are the material to obtain information. Information systems use the data stored in databases to provide the necessary information.
A database is an organized set of interrelated data, which express important aspects of the activities of a company.
Article index
There must be a true integration between the structure of a company and the information system. This makes it easier to coordinate divisions, departments, and other kinds of organizational units. Additionally, the integration process facilitates decision-making.
Every system must conceive necessary and relevant information for the company. In addition, it must be reliable and must be generated on time. Thus, this information will have a cost close to that estimated by the organization, meeting the operational and management requirements of the company..
Information systems may include internal control instruments, the purpose of which is to ensure that the information generated is reliable and act in such a way as to protect the data they control..
They serve to guarantee that the objectives of the organization will be met efficiently, objectively and directly.
Transactions can be defined as the activities that take place in an organization. For example, make a purchase, a sale, or make a product.
The information system creates and updates the files of an organization. A file stores the historical data on the different entities of the company.
For example, to prepare an employee's salary, data is required for their basic salary, taxes, deductions, etc..
Reports are important products of an information system. Many reports are produced on a regular basis, such as scheduled reports. Reports can also be produced according to individual requests.
An information system can also be any organized composition of software, hardware, data, communication networks, and human resources that retrieves, processes, stores, and disseminates information in an organization. This enables people to make successful decisions about operating a business..
This computer system provides management with the tools so that it can organize and administer the different departments efficiently..
In order to offer information from the past, as well as the present and future, an information system includes software that helps in decision-making, as well as resources such as databases, hardware, decision support systems, people management applications. and projects.
The systems staff includes development managers, systems analysts, programmers and operators, with specialized skills. End users are the people who use the information systems or the information generated.
They are the policies and methods that must be followed to operate and maintain an information system, to process the data and thus produce the desired information. They are compiled in manuals and similar documents.
It is comprised of multiple computer systems, such as microcomputers, minicomputers, and mainframes, along with their peripheral devices. These devices are monitors, printers, and keyboards, which work together to receive data, process it, and display the information..
They are the set of computer programs that allow hardware to process data to convert it into information. The software is divided into:
Manage computer system resources. An operating system is the main software of the system. Manages all the resources of a computer system and provides an interface through which the user can implement these resources.
They are programs that directly help users to carry out their work. Can be purchased as ready-to-use packages.
They are the organized set of associated files or tables, which contain data related to each other. This set of files is used by application software. The databases are managed by system software, known as a database management system.
They are connection systems that allow various computer systems to be interconnected and resources to be distributed. Telecommunications are the means of transmitting information at a distance.
The life cycle of an information system goes through different stages / phases:
Its purpose is to investigate the scope of the problem and determine solutions. Identify if there is a need for a new system to achieve the main objectives. Involves project management, including human resources, capacity planning, scheduling, and cost estimating.
When there is a problem in the system, any possible solution is analyzed to satisfy the main objective of the project. The team discusses with others the need for certain project requirements.
This helps determine what the organization needs, who will be responsible for each part of the project, and its completion timeframe..
Among the results is the design of a document that lists the patterns and elements selected for the project, in addition to the coding of prototypes, used as a starting point for development.
Users determine their specific information needs, consider the structure, processing and procedure of the components for the system to be successful.
Database programmers and developers write the system code. This includes the use of a flow chart to ensure that the organizational process of the system is appropriate..
Performed by a quality assurance professional, their job is to see if the design meets the initial set of goals. Testing will ensure that the system is error free.
It involves the actual installation of the newly developed system. Puts the project into production, by moving the data and elements from the old system to the new system.
The new system must be maintained over time, since the process of changes and updates is constant. It is a continuous process where users are adjusting the system in order to increase its performance, adding new capabilities or meeting their requirements..
It is an information system that uses its different elements to facilitate communication between employees and also improve work flow.
It supports the set of activities of a business office, such as the creation and distribution of graphics, documents, messaging and accounting. All levels of administrative users can benefit from and use this type of system
It is an information system that collects and processes the data generated in the daily activities of an organization, such as deposits, payments, orders or reservations..
System in charge of facilitating and supporting the decisions made by senior executives. That is, it provides the information necessary to support the action maneuvers of those who have final responsibility.
It is a system that generates organized and timely information so that managers can solve problems, examine activities and make decisions.
As the reporting is daily, this information system can also be called management reporting system.
It is information designed to help users make decisions. This system can use data from both internal and external sources.
Internal sources can be a company's sales, manufacturing, inventory, or financial data. External sources include interest rates, population trends, inflation, etc..
For example, to establish the annual sales budget, this type of system can be used to provide information support on the factors that would affect it internally and externally..
It is an information system that captures and stores the knowledge of the human expert, then imitating his reasoning and the decision-making process for those with less experience..
Information system that covers a broader scenario than was usually measured at a more personal or developmental level. This system seeks to obtain the greatest amount of measurable data at a global level in order to have as much information as possible.
Geographic and spatial data collection and analysis system. Very useful to apply in different technologies, techniques or processes related to transport, logistics, engineering or telecommunications.
Information systems are used to establish the business supply chain. For example, companies use information systems to manage their staff and financial accounts, in addition to managing production and sales..
Many high-value companies are established entirely on the basis of information systems. Among them are:
- Amazon: It is a large electronic shopping center and also a provider of cloud computing services.
- eBay: large-scale auction market.
- Google - Search engine company that makes most of its revenue from keyword advertising in internet searches.
- Alibaba: business-to-business e-marketplace
- Software and video products.
- Digital products, such as e-books.
- Online services, such as social media and games.
People rely on information systems, usually Internet-based, to run much of their personal lives: for socializing, studying, shopping, banking, and entertainment.
The first large-scale mechanical information system was the Herman Hollerith census tabulator. Invented to process the 1890 US census, Hollerith's machine represented an important step in automation, as well as an inspiration for developing computerized information systems..
The global penetration of the Internet has allowed access to information and also other resources, facilitating the formation of relationships between people and organizations on an unprecedented scale..
The progress of electronic commerce over the Internet has generated a great development in communication by email and other means, in addition to the distribution of products such as software, music, books and movies..
Yet No Comments