The Zacatecas relief it is quite rugged. Numerous mountain ranges predominate in the territory. Much of its surface is over 2000 meters above sea level; Its lowest point is the Mezquital del Oro municipality and the highest is located in Vetagrande.
In the north and east there are plains, hills and slopes that are characterized by being covered up to 50 centimeters or one meter of caliche or tepetate (terrestrial layer of lime).
Towards the west and southwest there are plateaus with a maximum altitude of 2900 meters above sea level. There are also valleys over 1000 meters high and ravines.
In the central plateau there are open spaces with little slope and some important mountain ranges.
Zacatecas is part of the physiographic provinces Sierra Madre Occidental, Meseta del Centro, Sierra Madre Oriental and Eje Neovolcánico.
It occupies 15% of the surface of the entity and covers its northern area. It is made up of transversal saws, which occupy 14.77% of the surface; and western mountain ranges and plains, which comprise only 0.23%.
El Astillero is located on this mountain range, the highest peak in the state (3,200 meters above sea level) composed of rocks of sedimentary origin that are formed on beaches, rivers and oceans where sand and mud accumulate..
To the northeast of the state is located the Sierra de Sombrerete, where a rhyolitic mountain called El Sombreretillo rises, and the Sierra de Órganos.
It occupies 39.05% of the surface of the entity and covers its southern area. It is steep, a product of tectonic activity.
In this there are peaks that exceed 2,500 meters above sea level and pronounced depressions.
It is made up of mountain ranges and valleys, which occupy 27.96% of the surface. The Mesetas y Cañadas del Sur subprovince covers 8.06%, and the mountains and plains of Durango have 1.79% of the territory.
Finally, the Gran Meseta y Cañones de Durango subprovince occupies 1.24% of the surface.
On the Sierra Madre Occidental are the canyons of Juchipila and Tlaltenango.
It occupies 45.11% of the surface of the entity, covering its central zone and part of the north. It is made up of the mountains and hills of Aldama and Río Grande, which account for 15.13% of the territory.
The plains and the mountains of Potosino-Zacatecanas stand out with a 13.34% area. The mountains and plains of the north occupy 10.48%, while the plains of Ojuelos Aguascalientes cover 6.16% of the space.
In the center of Zacatecas is the Sierra de Fresnillo, whose ramifications originated the Proaño hill, famous for its deposits of silver, lead and zinc.
It only occupies 0.84% of the surface of the entity and covers a minimal portion in its extreme southeast. It is made up of the highlands of Jalisco.
-Cerro La Aguililla-2850 m above sea level
-Cerro Las Pintas-2390 m above sea level
-Cerro Los Amoles-2650 m above sea level
-Sierra de Sombrerete-3100 m above sea level
-Sierra de Morones-2660 m above sea level
-Sierra El Astillero-3200 m above sea level
-Sierra El Hojaenal-2230 m above sea level
-Sierra Fría-3030 m above sea level
-Pico de Teyra-2790 m above sea level
After El Astillero, the Sierra de Sombrerete and the Sierra Fría are the most important elevations in the state of Zacatecas, with altitudes of 3,100 and 3,020 meters above sea level, respectively..
The city of Zacatecas, capital of the state, is located at an altitude of 2420 meters above sea level, occupying second place at the national level after Toluca de Lerdo, which occupies the first with its 2660 meters above sea level..
The Zacatecan mountain system contains deposits of silver, zinc, lead and other minerals.
These natural resources constitute the main axis of the ancestral economic activity of the region: mining.
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